Initial commit

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Condition.php

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+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where\AndGroup;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where\Comparison;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where\Exists;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where\Not;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where\OrGroup;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Select;
+
+/**
+ * A util-class for creating items that can be used as a where-clause.
+ */
+class Condition
+{
+    private function __construct()
+    {}
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'AND' group.
+     */
+    public static function and(WhereItem ...$items): AndGroup
+    {
+        return AndGroup::create(...$items);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'OR' group.
+     */
+    public static function or(WhereItem ...$items): OrGroup
+    {
+        return OrGroup::create(...$items);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'NOT'.
+     */
+    public static function not(WhereItem $item): Not
+    {
+        return Not::create($item);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create `EXISTS`.
+     */
+    public static function exists(Select $subQuery): Exists
+    {
+        return Exists::create($subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a column reference expression.
+     *
+     * @param string $expression Examples: `columnName`, `alias.columnName`.
+     */
+    public static function column(string $expression): Expression
+    {
+        return Expression::column($expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     */
+    public static function equal(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2
+    ): Comparison {
+
+        return Comparison::equal($argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '!=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     */
+    public static function notEqual(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2
+    ): Comparison {
+
+        return Comparison::notEqual($argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'LIKE' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Expression|string $pattern A pattern.
+     */
+    public static function like(Expression $subject, Expression|string $pattern): Comparison
+    {
+        return Comparison::like($subject, $pattern);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'NOT LIKE' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Expression|string $pattern A pattern.
+     */
+    public static function notLike(Expression $subject, Expression|string $pattern): Comparison
+    {
+        return Comparison::notLike($subject, $pattern);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '>' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     */
+    public static function greater(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2
+    ): Comparison {
+
+        return Comparison::greater($argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '>=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     */
+    public static function greaterOrEqual(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2
+    ): Comparison {
+
+        return Comparison::greaterOrEqual($argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '<' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     */
+    public static function less(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2
+    ): Comparison {
+
+        return Comparison::less($argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '<=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     */
+    public static function lessOrEqual(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2
+    ): Comparison {
+
+        return Comparison::lessOrEqual($argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'IN' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Select|scalar[] $set A set of values. A select query or array of scalars.
+     */
+    public static function in(Expression $subject, Select|array $set): Comparison
+    {
+        return Comparison::in($subject, $set);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'NOT IN' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Select|scalar[] $set A set of values. A select query or array of scalars.
+     */
+    public static function notIn(Expression $subject, Select|array $set): Comparison
+    {
+        return Comparison::notIn($subject, $set);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Expression.php

@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Expression\Util;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * A complex expression. Can be a function or a simple column reference. Immutable.
+ */
+class Expression implements WhereItem
+{
+    private string $expression;
+
+    public function __construct(string $expression)
+    {
+        if ($expression === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Expression can't be empty.");
+        }
+
+        if (str_ends_with($expression, ':')) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Expression should not end with `:`.");
+        }
+
+        $this->expression = $expression;
+    }
+
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return [$this->getRawKey() => null];
+    }
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string
+    {
+        return $this->expression . ':';
+    }
+
+    public function getRawValue(): mixed
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a string expression.
+     */
+    public function getValue(): string
+    {
+        return $this->expression;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an expression from a string.
+     */
+    public static function create(string $expression): self
+    {
+        return new self($expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an expression from a scalar value or NULL.
+     *
+     * @param string|float|int|bool|null $value A scalar or NULL.
+     */
+    public static function value(string|float|int|bool|null $value): self
+    {
+        return self::create(self::stringifyArgument($value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a column reference expression.
+     *
+     * @param string $expression Examples: `columnName`, `alias.columnName`.
+     */
+    public static function column(string $expression): self
+    {
+        $string = $expression;
+
+        if (strlen($string) && $string[0] === '@') {
+            $string = substr($string, 1);
+        }
+
+        if ($string === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Empty column.");
+        }
+
+        if (!preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z\d.]+$/', $string)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Bad column. Must be of letters, digits. Can have a dot.");
+        }
+
+        return self::create($expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an alias reference expression.
+     *
+     * @param string $expression Examples: `someAlias`, `subQueryAlias.someAlias`.
+     * @since 8.1.0
+     */
+    public static function alias(string $expression): self
+    {
+        if ($expression === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Empty alias.");
+        }
+
+        if (!preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z\d.]+$/', $expression)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Bad alias expression. Must be of letters, digits. Can have a dot.");
+        }
+
+        if (str_contains($expression, '.')) {
+            [$left, $right] = explode('.', $expression, 2);
+
+            return self::create($left . '.#' . $right);
+        }
+
+        return self::create('#' . $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'COUNT' function.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function count(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('COUNT', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'MIN' function.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function min(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('MIN', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'MAX' function.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function max(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('MAX', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'SUM' function.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function sum(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('SUM', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'AVG' function.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function average(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('AVG', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'IF' function. Return $then if a condition is true, $else otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $condition A condition.
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool|null $then Then.
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool|null $else Else.
+     */
+    public static function if(
+        Expression $condition,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool|null $then,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool|null $else
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('IF', $condition, $then, $else);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'CASE' expression. Even arguments define 'WHEN' conditions, following odd arguments
+     * define 'THEN' values. The last unmatched argument defines the 'ELSE' value.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|scalar|null ...$arguments Arguments.
+     */
+    public static function switch(Expression|string|int|float|bool|null ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('SWITCH', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'CASE' expression that maps keys to values. The first argument is the value to map.
+     * Odd arguments define keys, the following even arguments define mapped values.
+     * The last unmatched argument defines the 'ELSE' value.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|scalar|null ...$arguments Arguments.
+     */
+    public static function map(Expression|string|int|float|bool|null ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 3) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('MAP', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'IFNULL' function. If the first argument is not NULL, returns it,
+     * otherwise returns the second argument.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $value A value.
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $fallbackValue A fallback value.
+     */
+    public static function ifNull(Expression $value, Expression|string|int|float|bool $fallbackValue): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('IFNULL', $value, $fallbackValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'NULLIF' function. If $arg1 = $arg2, returns NULL,
+     * otherwise returns the first argument.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function nullIf(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('NULLIF', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'LIKE' operator.
+     *
+     * Example: `like(Expression:column('test'), 'test%'`.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject A subject.
+     * @param Expression|string $pattern A pattern.
+     */
+    public static function like(Expression $subject, Expression|string $pattern): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('LIKE', $subject, $pattern);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * '=' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function equal(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('EQUAL', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * '<>' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function notEqual(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('NOT_EQUAL', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * '>' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function greater(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('GREATER_THAN', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * '<' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function less(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('LESS_THAN', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * '>=' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function greaterOrEqual(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * '<=' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1
+     * @param Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+     */
+    public static function lessOrEqual(
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument1,
+        Expression|string|int|float|bool $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL', $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'IS NULL' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function isNull(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('IS_NULL', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'IS NOT NULL' operator.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     */
+    public static function isNotNull(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('IS_NOT_NULL', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'IN' operator. Check whether a value is within a set of values.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     * @param Expression[]|string[]|int[]|float[]|bool[] $values
+     */
+    public static function in(Expression $expression, array $values): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('IN', $expression, ...$values);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'NOT IN' operator. Check whether a value is not within a set of values.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     * @param Expression[]|string[]|int[]|float[]|bool[] $values
+     */
+    public static function notIn(Expression $expression, array $values): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('NOT_IN', $expression, ...$values);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'COALESCE' function. Returns the first non-NULL value in the list.
+     */
+    public static function coalesce(Expression ...$expressions): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('COALESCE', ...$expressions);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'MONTH' function. Returns a month number of a passed date or date-time.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     */
+    public static function month(Expression $date): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('MONTH_NUMBER', $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'WEEK' function. Returns a week number of a passed date or date-time.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     * @param int $weekStart A week start. `0` for Sunday, `1` for Monday.
+     */
+    public static function week(Expression $date, int $weekStart = 0): self
+    {
+        if ($weekStart !== 0 && $weekStart !== 1) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Week start can be only 0 or 1.");
+        }
+
+        if ($weekStart === 1) {
+            return self::composeFunction('WEEK_NUMBER_1', $date);
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('WEEK_NUMBER', $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'DAYOFWEEK' function. A day of week of a passed date or date-time. 1..7.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     */
+    public static function dayOfWeek(Expression $date): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('DAYOFWEEK', $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'DAYOFMONTH' function. A day of month of a passed date or date-time. 1..31.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     */
+    public static function dayOfMonth(Expression $date): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('DAYOFMONTH', $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'YEAR' function. A year number of a passed date or date-time.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     */
+    public static function year(Expression $date): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('YEAR', $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'YEAR' function taking into account a fiscal year start.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     * @param int $fiscalYearStart A month number of a fiscal year start. 1..12.
+     */
+    public static function yearFiscal(Expression $date, int $fiscalYearStart = 1): self
+    {
+        if ($fiscalYearStart < 1 || $fiscalYearStart > 12) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Bad fiscal year start.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('YEAR_' . strval($fiscalYearStart), $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'QUARTER' function. A quarter number of a passed date or date-time. 1..4.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     */
+    public static function quarter(Expression $date): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('QUARTER_NUMBER', $date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'HOUR' function. A hour number of a passed date-time. 0..23.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $dateTime
+     */
+    public static function hour(Expression $dateTime): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('HOUR', $dateTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'MINUTE' function. A minute number of a passed date-time. 0..59.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $dateTime
+     */
+    public static function minute(Expression $dateTime): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('MINUTE', $dateTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'SECOND' function. A second number of a passed date-time. 0..59.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $dateTime
+     */
+    public static function second(Expression $dateTime): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('SECOND', $dateTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP' function. Seconds.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $dateTime
+     * @since 9.0.0
+     */
+    public static function unixTimestamp(Expression $dateTime): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('UNIX_TIMESTAMP', $dateTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'NOW' function. A current date and time.
+     */
+    public static function now(): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('NOW');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'DATE' function. Returns a date part of a date-time.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $dateTime
+     */
+    public static function date(Expression $dateTime): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('DATE', $dateTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Time zone conversion function. Converts a passed data-time applying a hour offset.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $date
+     */
+    public static function convertTimezone(Expression $date, float $offset): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('TZ', $date, $offset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'CONCAT' function. Concatenates multiple strings.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|string ...$strings Strings.
+     */
+    public static function concat(Expression|string ...$strings): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('CONCAT', ...$strings);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'LEFT' function. Returns a specified number of characters from the left of a string.
+     */
+    public static function left(Expression $string, int $offset): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('LEFT', $string, $offset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'LOWER' function. Converts a string to a lower case.
+     */
+    public static function lowerCase(Expression $string): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('LOWER', $string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'UPPER' function. Converts a string to an upper case.
+     */
+    public static function upperCase(Expression $string): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('UPPER', $string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'TRIM' function. Removes leading and trailing spaces.
+     */
+    public static function trim(Expression $string): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('TRIM', $string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'BINARY' function. Converts a string value to a binary string.
+     */
+    public static function binary(Expression $string): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('BINARY', $string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'CHAR_LENGTH' function. A number of characters in a string.
+     */
+    public static function charLength(Expression $string): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('CHAR_LENGTH', $string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'REPLACE' function. Replaces all the occurrences of a sub-string within a string.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $haystack A subject.
+     * @param Expression|string $needle A string to be replaced.
+     * @param Expression|string $replaceWith A string to replace with.
+     */
+    public static function replace(
+        Expression $haystack,
+        Expression|string $needle,
+        Expression|string $replaceWith
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::composeFunction('REPLACE', $haystack, $needle, $replaceWith);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'FIELD' operator (in MySQL). Returns an index (position) of an expression
+     * in a list. Returns `0` if not found. The first index is `1`.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $expression
+     * @param Expression[]|string[]|int[]|float[] $list
+     */
+    public static function positionInList(Expression $expression, array $list): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('POSITION_IN_LIST', $expression, ...$list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'ADD' function. Adds two or more numbers.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|int|float ...$arguments
+     */
+    public static function add(Expression|int|float ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('ADD', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'SUB' function. Subtraction.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|int|float ...$arguments
+     */
+    public static function subtract(Expression|int|float ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('SUB', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'MUL' function. Multiplication.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|int|float ...$arguments
+     */
+    public static function multiply(Expression|int|float ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('MUL', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'DIV' function. Division.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|int|float ...$arguments
+     */
+    public static function divide(Expression|int|float ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('DIV', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'MOD' function. Returns a remainder of a number divided by another number.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|int|float ...$arguments
+     */
+    public static function modulo(Expression|int|float ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        if (count($arguments) < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Too few arguments.");
+        }
+
+        return self::composeFunction('MOD', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'FLOOR' function. The largest integer value not greater than the argument.
+     */
+    public static function floor(Expression $number): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('FLOOR', $number);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'CEIL' function. The largest integer value not greater than the argument.
+     */
+    public static function ceil(Expression $number): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('CEIL', $number);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'ROUND' function. Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.
+     */
+    public static function round(Expression $number, int $precision = 0): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('ROUND', $number, $precision);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'GREATEST' function. A max value from a list of expressions.
+     */
+    public static function greatest(Expression ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('GREATEST', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'LEAST' function. A min value from a list of expressions.
+     */
+    public static function least(Expression ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('LEAST', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'ANY_VALUE' function.
+     *
+     * @since 9.1.6
+     */
+    public function anyValue(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('ANY_VALUE', $expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'AND' operator. Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.
+     */
+    public static function and(Expression ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('AND', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'OR' operator. Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE.
+     */
+    public static function or(Expression ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('OR', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'NOT' operator. Negates an expression.
+     */
+    public static function not(Expression $argument): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('NOT', $argument);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 'ROW' constructor.
+     */
+    public static function row(Expression ...$arguments): self
+    {
+        return self::composeFunction('ROW', ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    private static function composeFunction(
+        string $function,
+        Expression|bool|int|float|string|null ...$arguments
+    ): self {
+
+        return Util::composeFunction($function, ...$arguments);
+    }
+
+    private static function stringifyArgument(Expression|bool|int|float|string|null $argument): string
+    {
+        return Util::stringifyArgument($argument);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Expression/Util.php

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Expression;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Expression;
+
+class Util
+{
+    /**
+     * Compose an expression by a function name and arguments.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|bool|int|float|string|null ...$arguments Arguments
+     */
+    public static function composeFunction(
+        string $function,
+        Expression|bool|int|float|string|null ...$arguments
+    ): Expression {
+
+        $stringifiedItems = array_map(
+            function ($item) {
+                return self::stringifyArgument($item);
+            },
+            $arguments
+        );
+
+        $expression = $function . ':(' . implode(', ', $stringifiedItems) . ')';
+
+        return Expression::create($expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stringify an argument.
+     *
+     * @param Expression|bool|int|float|string|null $argument
+     */
+    public static function stringifyArgument(Expression|bool|int|float|string|null $argument): string
+    {
+
+        if ($argument instanceof Expression) {
+            return $argument->getValue();
+        }
+
+        if (is_null($argument)) {
+            return 'NULL';
+        }
+
+       if (is_bool($argument)) {
+            return $argument ? 'TRUE': 'FALSE';
+        }
+
+       if (is_int($argument)) {
+           return strval($argument);
+       }
+
+       if (is_float($argument)) {
+           return strval($argument);
+       }
+
+       return '\'' . str_replace('\'', '\\\'', $argument) . '\'';
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Join.php

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Join\JoinType;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Select;
+use LogicException;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * A join item. Immutable.
+ */
+class Join
+{
+    /** A table join. */
+    public const MODE_TABLE = 0;
+    /** A relation join. */
+    public const MODE_RELATION = 1;
+    /** A sub-query join. */
+    public const MODE_SUB_QUERY = 3;
+
+    private ?WhereItem $conditions = null;
+    private bool $onlyMiddle = false;
+    private bool $isLateral = false;
+    private ?JoinType $type = null;
+
+    private function __construct(
+        private string|Select $target,
+        private ?string $alias = null
+    ) {
+        if ($target === '' || $alias === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Bad join.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a join target. A relation name, table or sub-query.
+     * A relation name is in camelCase, a table is in CamelCase.
+     */
+    public function getTarget(): string|Select
+    {
+        return $this->target;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an alias.
+     */
+    public function getAlias(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->alias;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get join conditions.
+     */
+    public function getConditions(): ?WhereItem
+    {
+        return $this->conditions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is a sub-query join.
+     */
+    public function isSubQuery(): bool
+    {
+        return !is_string($this->target);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is a table join.
+     */
+    public function isTable(): bool
+    {
+        return is_string($this->target) && $this->target[0] === ucfirst($this->target[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is a relation join.
+     */
+    public function isRelation(): bool
+    {
+        return !$this->isSubQuery() && !$this->isTable();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a join mode.
+     *
+     * @return self::MODE_TABLE|self::MODE_RELATION|self::MODE_SUB_QUERY
+     */
+    public function getMode(): int
+    {
+        if ($this->isSubQuery()) {
+            return self::MODE_SUB_QUERY;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->isRelation()) {
+            return self::MODE_RELATION;
+        }
+
+        return self::MODE_TABLE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is only middle table to be joined.
+     */
+    public function isOnlyMiddle(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->onlyMiddle;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is LATERAL.
+     *
+     * @since 9.1.6
+     */
+    public function isLateral(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->isLateral;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a join type.
+     *
+     * @return JoinType|null
+     *
+     * @since 9.2.0
+     */
+    public function getType(): ?JoinType
+    {
+        return $this->type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create.
+     *
+     * @param string|Select $target
+     * A relation name, table or sub-query. A relation name should be in camelCase, a table in CamelCase.
+     * When joining a table or sub-query, conditions should be specified.
+     * When joining a relation, conditions will be applied automatically, additional conditions can
+     * be specified as well.
+     * @param ?string $alias An alias.
+     */
+    public static function create(string|Select $target, ?string $alias = null): self
+    {
+        return new self($target, $alias);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create with a table target.
+     *
+     * @param string $table A table name. Should start with an upper case letter.
+     * @param ?string $alias An alias.
+     */
+    public static function createWithTableTarget(string $table, ?string $alias = null): self
+    {
+        return self::create(ucfirst($table), $alias);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create with a relation target. Conditions will be applied automatically.
+     *
+     * @param string $relation A relation name. Should start with a lower case letter.
+     * @param ?string $alias An alias.
+     */
+    public static function createWithRelationTarget(string $relation, ?string $alias = null): self
+    {
+        return self::create(lcfirst($relation), $alias);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create with a sub-query.
+     *
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @param string $alias An alias.
+     */
+    public static function createWithSubQuery(Select $subQuery, string $alias): self
+    {
+        return new self($subQuery, $alias);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with an alias.
+     */
+    public function withAlias(?string $alias): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->alias = $alias;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with join conditions.
+     */
+    public function withConditions(?WhereItem $conditions): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->conditions = $conditions;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Join only middle table. For many-to-many relationships.
+     */
+    public function withOnlyMiddle(bool $onlyMiddle = true): self
+    {
+        if (!$this->isRelation()) {
+            throw new LogicException("Only-middle is compatible only with relation joins.");
+        }
+
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->onlyMiddle = $onlyMiddle;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * With LATERAL. Only for a sub-query join.
+     *
+     * @since 9.1.6
+     */
+    public function withLateral(bool $isLateral = true): self
+    {
+        if (!$this->isSubQuery()) {
+            throw new LogicException("Lateral can be used only with sub-query joins.");
+        }
+
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->isLateral = $isLateral;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * With LEFT type.
+     *
+     * @since 9.2.0.
+     */
+    public function withLeft(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->type = JoinType::left;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * With INNER type.
+     *
+     * @since 9.2.0.
+     */
+    public function withInner(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->type = JoinType::inner;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * With a join type.
+     *
+     * @since 9.2.0.
+     */
+    public function withType(JoinType $type): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->type = $type;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Join/JoinType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Join;
+
+/**
+ * @since 9.2.0
+ */
+enum JoinType: string
+{
+    /**
+     * An INNER join.
+     */
+    case inner = 'inner';
+
+    /**
+     * A LEFT join.
+     */
+    case left = 'left';
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Order.php

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * An order item. Immutable.
+ *
+ * Immutable.
+ */
+class Order
+{
+    public const ASC = 'ASC';
+    public const DESC = 'DESC';
+
+    private Expression $expression;
+    private bool $isDesc = false;
+
+    private function __construct(Expression $expression)
+    {
+        $this->expression = $expression;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an expression.
+     */
+    public function getExpression(): Expression
+    {
+        return $this->expression;
+    }
+
+    public function isDesc(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->isDesc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a direction.
+     *
+     * @return self::DESC|self::ASC
+     */
+    public function getDirection(): string
+    {
+        return $this->isDesc ? self::DESC : self::ASC;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create.
+     */
+    public static function create(Expression $expression): self
+    {
+        return new self($expression);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create from a string expression.
+     */
+    public static function fromString(string $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::create(
+            Expression::create($expression)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an order by position in list.
+     * Note: Reverses the list and applies DESC order.
+     *
+     * @param string[]|int[]|float[] $list
+     */
+    public static function createByPositionInList(Expression $expression, array $list): self
+    {
+        $orderExpression = Expression::positionInList($expression, array_reverse($list));
+
+        return self::create($orderExpression)->withDesc();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with an ascending direction.
+     */
+    public function withAsc(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->isDesc = false;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a descending direction.
+     */
+    public function withDesc(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->isDesc = true;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a direction.
+     *
+     * @params self::ASC|self::DESC $direction
+     * @throws RuntimeException
+     */
+    public function withDirection(string $direction): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->isDesc = strtoupper($direction) === self::DESC;
+
+        if (!in_array(strtoupper($direction), [self::DESC, self::ASC])) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Bad order direction.");
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a reverse direction.
+     */
+    public function withReverseDirection(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->isDesc = !$this->isDesc;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/OrderList.php

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use Iterator;
+
+/**
+ * A list of order items.
+ *
+ * Immutable.
+ *
+ * @implements Iterator<Order>
+ */
+class OrderList implements Iterator
+{
+    private int $position = 0;
+    /** @var Order[] */
+    private array $list;
+
+    /**
+     * @param Order[] $list
+     */
+    private function __construct(array $list)
+    {
+        foreach ($list as $item) {
+            if (!$item instanceof Order) {
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->list = $list;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an instance.
+     *
+     * @param Order[] $list
+     */
+    public static function create(array $list): self
+    {
+        return new self($list);
+    }
+
+    public function rewind(): void
+    {
+        $this->position = 0;
+    }
+
+    public function current(): Order
+    {
+        return $this->list[$this->position];
+    }
+
+    public function key(): int
+    {
+        return $this->position;
+    }
+
+    public function next(): void
+    {
+        ++$this->position;
+    }
+
+    public function valid(): bool
+    {
+        return isset($this->list[$this->position]);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Selection.php

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+/**
+ * A select item. Immutable.
+ *
+ * Immutable.
+ */
+class Selection
+{
+    private function __construct(
+        private Expression $expression,
+        private ?string $alias = null
+    ) {}
+
+    public function getExpression(): Expression
+    {
+        return $this->expression;
+    }
+
+    public function getAlias(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->alias;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(Expression $expression, ?string $alias = null): self
+    {
+        return new self($expression, $alias);
+    }
+
+    public static function fromString(string $expression): self
+    {
+        return self::create(
+            Expression::create($expression)
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function withAlias(?string $alias): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->alias = $alias;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/AndGroup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereClause;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+
+/**
+ * AND-group. Immutable.
+ */
+class AndGroup implements WhereItem
+{
+    /** @var array<string|int, mixed> */
+    private $rawValue = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return ['AND' => $this->getRawValue()];
+    }
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string
+    {
+        return 'AND';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    public function getRawValue(): array
+    {
+        return $this->rawValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a number of items.
+     */
+    public function getItemCount(): int
+    {
+        return count($this->rawValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string|int, mixed> $whereClause
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function fromRaw(array $whereClause): self
+    {
+        if (count($whereClause) === 1 && array_keys($whereClause)[0] === 0) {
+            $whereClause = $whereClause[0];
+        }
+
+        // Do not refactor.
+        $obj = static::class === WhereClause::class ?
+            new WhereClause() :
+            new self();
+
+        /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+        $obj->rawValue = $whereClause;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(WhereItem ...$itemList): self
+    {
+        $builder = self::createBuilder();
+
+        foreach ($itemList as $item) {
+            $builder->add($item);
+        }
+
+        return $builder->build();
+    }
+
+    public static function createBuilder(): AndGroupBuilder
+    {
+        return new AndGroupBuilder();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/AndGroupBuilder.php

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+
+class AndGroupBuilder
+{
+    /** @var array<string|int, mixed> */
+    private array $raw = [];
+
+    public function build(): AndGroup
+    {
+        return AndGroup::fromRaw($this->raw);
+    }
+
+    public function add(WhereItem $item): self
+    {
+        $key = $item->getRawKey();
+        $value = $item->getRawValue();
+
+        if ($item instanceof AndGroup) {
+            $this->raw = self::normalizeRaw($this->raw);
+
+            $this->raw[] = $item->getRawValue();
+
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        if (count($this->raw) === 0) {
+            $this->raw[$key] = $value;
+
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        $this->raw = self::normalizeRaw($this->raw);
+
+        $this->raw[] = [$key => $value];
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merge with another AndGroup.
+     */
+    public function merge(AndGroup $andGroup): self
+    {
+        $this->raw = array_merge(
+            self::normalizeRaw($this->raw),
+            self::normalizeRaw($andGroup->getRawValue())
+        );
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string|int, mixed> $raw
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    private static function normalizeRaw(array $raw): array
+    {
+        if (count($raw) === 1 && array_keys($raw)[0] !== 0) {
+            return [$raw];
+        }
+
+        return $raw;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/Comparison.php

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Expression;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Select;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Compares an expression to a value or another expression. Immutable.
+ */
+class Comparison implements WhereItem
+{
+    private const OPERATOR_EQUAL = '=';
+    private const OPERATOR_NOT_EQUAL = '!=';
+    private const OPERATOR_GREATER = '>';
+    private const OPERATOR_GREATER_OR_EQUAL = '>=';
+    private const OPERATOR_LESS = '<';
+    private const OPERATOR_LESS_OR_EQUAL = '<=';
+    private const OPERATOR_LIKE = '*';
+    private const OPERATOR_NOT_LIKE = '!*';
+    private const OPERATOR_IN_SUB_QUERY = '=s';
+    private const OPERATOR_NOT_IN_SUB_QUERY = '!=s';
+    private const OPERATOR_NOT_EQUAL_ANY = '!=any';
+    private const OPERATOR_GREATER_ANY = '>any';
+    private const OPERATOR_GREATER_OR_EQUAL_ANY = '>=any';
+    private const OPERATOR_LESS_ANY = '<any';
+    private const OPERATOR_LESS_OR_EQUAL_ANY = '<=any';
+    private const OPERATOR_EQUAL_ALL = '=all';
+    private const OPERATOR_GREATER_ALL = '>all';
+    private const OPERATOR_GREATER_OR_EQUAL_ALL = '>=all';
+    private const OPERATOR_LESS_ALL = '<all';
+    private const OPERATOR_LESS_OR_EQUAL_ALL = '<=all';
+
+    private string $rawKey;
+    private mixed $rawValue;
+
+    private function __construct(string $rawKey, mixed $rawValue)
+    {
+        $this->rawKey = $rawKey;
+        $this->rawValue = $rawValue;
+    }
+
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return [$this->rawKey => $this->rawValue];
+    }
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string
+    {
+        return $this->rawKey;
+    }
+
+    public function getRawValue(): mixed
+    {
+        return $this->rawValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function equal(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_EQUAL, $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '!=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function notEqual(
+        Expression $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_NOT_EQUAL, $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'LIKE' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Expression|string $pattern A pattern.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function like(Expression $subject, Expression|string $pattern): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LIKE, $subject, $pattern);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'NOT LIKE' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Expression|string $pattern A pattern.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function notLike(Expression $subject, Expression|string $pattern): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_NOT_LIKE, $subject, $pattern);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '>' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function greater(Expression $argument1, Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_GREATER, $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '>=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function greaterOrEqual(Expression $argument1, Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_GREATER_OR_EQUAL, $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '<' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function less(Expression $argument1, Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LESS, $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '<=' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument1 An expression.
+     * @param Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2 A scalar, expression or sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function lessOrEqual(Expression $argument1, Expression|Select|string|int|float $argument2): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LESS_OR_EQUAL, $argument1, $argument2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'IN' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Select|scalar[] $set A set of values. A select query or array of scalars.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function in(Expression $subject, Select|array $set): self
+    {
+        if ($set instanceof Select) {
+            return self::createInOrNotInSubQuery(self::OPERATOR_IN_SUB_QUERY, $subject, $set);
+        }
+
+        return self::createInOrNotInArray(self::OPERATOR_EQUAL, $subject, $set);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create 'NOT IN' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $subject What to test.
+     * @param Select|scalar[] $set A set of values. A select query or array of scalars.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function notIn(Expression $subject, Select|array $set): self
+    {
+        if ($set instanceof Select) {
+            return self::createInOrNotInSubQuery(self::OPERATOR_NOT_IN_SUB_QUERY, $subject, $set);
+        }
+
+        return self::createInOrNotInArray(self::OPERATOR_NOT_EQUAL, $subject, $set);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '!= ANY' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function notEqualAny(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_NOT_EQUAL_ANY, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '> ANY' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function greaterAny(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_GREATER_ANY, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '< ANY' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function lessAny(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LESS_ANY, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '>= ANY' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function greaterOrEqualAny(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_GREATER_OR_EQUAL_ANY, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '<= ANY' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function lessOrEqualAny(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LESS_OR_EQUAL_ANY, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '= ALL' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function equalAll(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_EQUAL_ALL, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '> ALL' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function greaterAll(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_GREATER_ALL, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '< ALL' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function lessAll(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LESS_ALL, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '>= ALL' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function greaterOrEqualAll(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_GREATER_OR_EQUAL_ALL, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create '<= ALL' comparison.
+     *
+     * @param Expression $argument An expression.
+     * @param Select $subQuery A sub-query.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function lessOrEqualAll(Expression $argument, Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return self::createComparison(self::OPERATOR_LESS_OR_EQUAL_ALL, $argument, $subQuery);
+    }
+
+    private static function createComparison(
+        string $operator,
+        Expression|string $argument1,
+        Expression|Select|string|int|float|bool|null $argument2
+    ): self {
+
+        if (is_string($argument1)) {
+            $key = $argument1;
+
+            if ($key === '') {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Expression can't be empty.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            $key = $argument1->getValue();
+        }
+
+        if (str_ends_with($key, ':')) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Expression should not end with `:`.");
+        }
+
+        $key .= $operator;
+
+        if ($argument2 instanceof Expression) {
+            $key .= ':';
+
+            $value = $argument2->getValue();
+        } else {
+            $value = $argument2;
+        }
+
+        return new self($key, $value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param scalar[] $valueList
+     */
+    private static function createInOrNotInArray(
+        string $operator,
+        Expression|string $argument1,
+        array $valueList
+    ): self {
+
+        foreach ($valueList as $item) {
+            if (!is_scalar($item)) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Array items must be scalar.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (is_string($argument1)) {
+            $key = $argument1;
+
+            if ($key === '') {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Expression can't be empty.");
+            }
+
+            if (str_ends_with($key, ':')) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Expression can't end with `:`.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            $key = $argument1->getValue();
+        }
+
+        $key .= $operator;
+
+        return new self($key, $valueList);
+    }
+
+    private static function createInOrNotInSubQuery(
+        string $operator,
+        Expression|string $argument1,
+        Select $query
+    ): self {
+
+        if (is_string($argument1)) {
+            $key = $argument1;
+
+            if ($key === '') {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Expression can't be empty.");
+            }
+
+            if (str_ends_with($key, ':')) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Expression can't end with `:`.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            $key = $argument1->getValue();
+        }
+
+        $key .= $operator;
+
+        return new self($key, $query);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/Exists.php

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Select;
+
+/**
+ * An EXISTS-operator. Immutable.
+ */
+class Exists implements WhereItem
+{
+    private function __construct(private Select $rawValue) {}
+
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return ['EXISTS' => $this->getRawValue()];
+    }
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string
+    {
+        return 'EXISTS';
+    }
+
+    public function getRawValue(): Select
+    {
+        return $this->rawValue;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(Select $subQuery): self
+    {
+        return new self($subQuery);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/Not.php

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+
+/**
+ * A NOT-operator. Immutable.
+ */
+class Not implements WhereItem
+{
+    /** @var array<string|int, mixed> */
+    private $rawValue = [];
+
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return ['NOT' => $this->getRawValue()];
+    }
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string
+    {
+        return 'NOT';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    public function getRawValue(): array
+    {
+        return $this->rawValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string|int, mixed> $whereClause
+     */
+    public static function fromRaw(array $whereClause): self
+    {
+        if (count($whereClause) === 1 && array_keys($whereClause)[0] === 0) {
+            $whereClause = $whereClause[0];
+        }
+
+        $obj = new self();
+
+        $obj->rawValue = $whereClause;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(WhereItem $item): self
+    {
+        return self::fromRaw($item->getRaw());
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/OrGroup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+
+/**
+ * OR-group. Immutable.
+ */
+class OrGroup implements WhereItem
+{
+
+    /** @var array<string|int, mixed> */
+    private $rawValue = [];
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return ['OR' => $this->rawValue];
+    }
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string
+    {
+        return 'OR';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    public function getRawValue(): array
+    {
+        return $this->rawValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a number of items.
+     */
+    public function getItemCount(): int
+    {
+        return count($this->rawValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string|int, mixed> $whereClause
+     */
+    public static function fromRaw(array $whereClause): self
+    {
+        $obj = new self();
+
+        $obj->rawValue = $whereClause;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(WhereItem ...$itemList): self
+    {
+        $builder = self::createBuilder();
+
+        foreach ($itemList as $item) {
+            $builder->add($item);
+        }
+
+        return $builder->build();
+    }
+
+    public static function createBuilder(): OrGroupBuilder
+    {
+        return new OrGroupBuilder();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/Where/OrGroupBuilder.php

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\WhereItem;
+
+class OrGroupBuilder
+{
+    /** @var array<string|int, mixed> */
+    private array $raw = [];
+
+    public function build(): OrGroup
+    {
+        return OrGroup::fromRaw($this->raw);
+    }
+
+    public function add(WhereItem $item): self
+    {
+        $key = $item->getRawKey();
+        $value = $item->getRawValue();
+
+        if ($item instanceof AndGroup) {
+            $this->raw = self::normalizeRaw($this->raw);
+
+            $this->raw[] = $value;
+
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        if (count($this->raw) === 0) {
+            $this->raw[$key] = $value;
+
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        $this->raw = self::normalizeRaw($this->raw);
+
+        $this->raw[] = [$key => $value];
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merge with another OrGroup.
+     */
+    public function merge(OrGroup $orGroup): self
+    {
+        $this->raw = array_merge(
+            self::normalizeRaw($this->raw),
+            self::normalizeRaw($orGroup->getRawValue())
+        );
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string|int, mixed> $raw
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    private static function normalizeRaw(array $raw): array
+    {
+        if (count($raw) === 1 && array_keys($raw)[0] !== 0) {
+            return [$raw];
+        }
+
+        return $raw;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/WhereClause.php

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Where\AndGroup;
+
+/**
+ * A where-clause. Immutable.
+ *
+ * Immutable.
+ */
+class WhereClause extends AndGroup
+{
+    public function getRaw(): array
+    {
+        return $this->getRawValue();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/ORM/Query/Part/WhereItem.php

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\ORM\Query\Part;
+
+/**
+ * Can be used as a where-clause.
+ */
+interface WhereItem
+{
+    /**
+     * @return array<string|int, mixed>
+     */
+    public function getRaw(): array;
+
+    public function getRawKey(): string;
+
+    public function getRawValue(): mixed;
+}