Initial commit

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/Builder.php

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\ConfigDataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\MetadataProvider as MetadataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\EntityParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as DbalSchema;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+/**
+ * Schema representation builder.
+ */
+class Builder
+{
+    private const ATTR_ID = 'id';
+    private const ATTR_DELETED = 'deleted';
+
+    private int $idLength;
+    private string $idDbType;
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private $typeList;
+    private ColumnPreparator $columnPreparator;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Log $log,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider,
+        ColumnPreparatorFactory $columnPreparatorFactory,
+        MetadataProvider $metadataProvider
+    ) {
+        $this->typeList = array_keys(DbalType::getTypesMap());
+
+        $platform = $configDataProvider->getPlatform();
+
+        $this->columnPreparator = $columnPreparatorFactory->create($platform);
+
+        $this->idLength = $metadataProvider->getIdLength();
+        $this->idDbType = $metadataProvider->getIdDbType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build a schema representation for an ORM metadata.
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta Raw ORM metadata.
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList Specific entity types.
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    public function build(array $ormMeta, ?array $entityTypeList = null): DbalSchema
+    {
+        $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder - Start');
+
+        $ormMeta = $this->amendMetadata($ormMeta, $entityTypeList);
+        $tables = [];
+
+        $schema = new DbalSchema();
+
+        foreach ($ormMeta as $entityType => $entityParams) {
+            $entityDefs = EntityDefs::fromRaw($entityParams, $entityType);
+
+            $this->buildEntity($entityDefs, $schema, $tables);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($ormMeta as $entityType => $entityParams) {
+            foreach (($entityParams[EntityParam::RELATIONS] ?? []) as $relationName => $relationParams) {
+                $relationDefs = RelationDefs::fromRaw($relationParams, $relationName);
+
+                if ($relationDefs->getType() !== Entity::MANY_MANY) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $this->buildManyMany($entityType, $relationDefs, $schema, $tables);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder - End');
+
+        return $schema;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, Table> $tables
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function buildEntity(EntityDefs $entityDefs, DbalSchema $schema, array &$tables): void
+    {
+        if ($entityDefs->getParam('skipRebuild')) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $entityType = $entityDefs->getName();
+
+        $modifier = $this->getEntityDefsModifier($entityDefs);
+
+        if ($modifier) {
+            $modifiedEntityDefs = $modifier->modify($entityDefs);
+
+            $entityDefs = EntityDefs::fromRaw($modifiedEntityDefs->toAssoc(), $entityType);
+        }
+
+        $this->log->debug("Schema\Builder: Entity $entityType");
+
+        $tableName = Util::toUnderScore($entityType);
+
+        if ($schema->hasTable($tableName)) {
+            $tables[$entityType] ??= $schema->getTable($tableName);
+
+            $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder: Table [' . $tableName . '] exists.');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $table = $schema->createTable($tableName);
+
+        $tables[$entityType] = $table;
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $tableParams */
+        $tableParams = $entityDefs->getParam('params') ?? [];
+
+        foreach ($tableParams as $paramName => $paramValue) {
+            $table->addOption($paramName, $paramValue);
+        }
+
+        $primaryColumns = [];
+
+        foreach ($entityDefs->getAttributeList() as $attributeDefs) {
+            if (
+                $attributeDefs->isNotStorable() ||
+                $attributeDefs->getType() === Entity::FOREIGN
+            ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $column = $this->columnPreparator->prepare($attributeDefs);
+
+            if ($attributeDefs->getType() === Entity::ID) {
+                $primaryColumns[] = $column->getName();
+            }
+
+            if (!in_array($column->getType(), $this->typeList)) {
+                $this->log->warning(
+                    'Schema\Builder: Column type [' . $column->getType() . '] not supported, ' .
+                    $entityType . ':' . $attributeDefs->getName()
+                );
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($table->hasColumn($column->getName())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $this->addColumn($table, $column);
+        }
+
+        $table->setPrimaryKey($primaryColumns);
+
+        $this->addIndexes($table, $entityDefs->getIndexList());
+    }
+
+    private function getEntityDefsModifier(EntityDefs $entityDefs): ?EntityDefsModifier
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<EntityDefsModifier> $modifierClassName */
+        $modifierClassName = $entityDefs->getParam('modifierClassName');
+
+        if (!$modifierClassName) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create($modifierClassName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function amendMetadata(array $ormMeta, ?array $entityTypeList): array
+    {
+        if (isset($ormMeta['unsetIgnore'])) {
+            $protectedOrmMeta = [];
+
+            foreach ($ormMeta['unsetIgnore'] as $protectedKey) {
+                $protectedOrmMeta = Util::merge(
+                    $protectedOrmMeta,
+                    Util::fillArrayKeys($protectedKey, Util::getValueByKey($ormMeta, $protectedKey))
+                );
+            }
+
+            unset($ormMeta['unsetIgnore']);
+        }
+
+        // Unset some keys.
+        if (isset($ormMeta['unset'])) {
+            /** @var array<string, mixed> $ormMeta */
+            $ormMeta = Util::unsetInArray($ormMeta, $ormMeta['unset']);
+
+            unset($ormMeta['unset']);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($protectedOrmMeta)) {
+            /** @var array<string, mixed> $ormMeta */
+            $ormMeta = Util::merge($ormMeta, $protectedOrmMeta);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($entityTypeList)) {
+            $dependentEntityTypeList = $this->getDependentEntityTypeList($entityTypeList, $ormMeta);
+
+            $this->log->debug(
+                'Schema\Builder: Rebuild for entity types: [' .
+                implode(', ', $entityTypeList) . '] with dependent entity types: [' .
+                implode(', ', $dependentEntityTypeList) . ']'
+            );
+
+            $ormMeta = array_intersect_key($ormMeta, array_flip($dependentEntityTypeList));
+        }
+
+        return $ormMeta;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function addColumn(Table $table, Column $column): void
+    {
+        $table->addColumn(
+            $column->getName(),
+            $column->getType(),
+            self::convertColumn($column)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare a relation table for the manyMany relation.
+     *
+     * @param string $entityType
+     * @param array<string, Table> $tables
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function buildManyMany(
+        string $entityType,
+        RelationDefs $relationDefs,
+        DbalSchema $schema,
+        array &$tables
+    ): void {
+
+        $relationshipName = $relationDefs->getRelationshipName();
+
+        if (isset($tables[$relationshipName])) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $tableName = Util::toUnderScore($relationshipName);
+
+        $this->log->debug("Schema\Builder: ManyMany for $entityType.{$relationDefs->getName()}");
+
+        if ($schema->hasTable($tableName)) {
+            $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder: Table [' . $tableName . '] exists.');
+
+            $tables[$relationshipName] ??= $schema->getTable($tableName);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $table = $schema->createTable($tableName);
+
+        $idColumn = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(
+            AttributeDefs::fromRaw([
+                AttributeParam::DB_TYPE => Types::BIGINT,
+                'type' => Entity::ID,
+                AttributeParam::LEN => 20,
+                'autoincrement' => true,
+            ], self::ATTR_ID)
+        );
+
+        $this->addColumn($table, $idColumn);
+
+        if (!$relationDefs->hasMidKey() || !$relationDefs->getForeignMidKey()) {
+            $this->log->error('Schema\Builder: Relationship midKeys are empty.', [
+                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                'relationName' => $relationDefs->getName(),
+            ]);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $midKeys = [
+            $relationDefs->getMidKey(),
+            $relationDefs->getForeignMidKey(),
+        ];
+
+        foreach ($midKeys as $midKey) {
+            $column = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(
+                AttributeDefs::fromRaw([
+                    'type' => Entity::FOREIGN_ID,
+                    AttributeParam::DB_TYPE => $this->idDbType,
+                    AttributeParam::LEN => $this->idLength,
+                ], $midKey)
+            );
+
+            $this->addColumn($table, $column);
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> $additionalColumns */
+        $additionalColumns = $relationDefs->getParam(RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS) ?? [];
+
+        foreach ($additionalColumns as $fieldName => $fieldParams) {
+            if ($fieldParams['type'] === AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID) {
+                $fieldParams = array_merge([
+                    AttributeParam::DB_TYPE => $this->idDbType,
+                    AttributeParam::LEN => $this->idLength,
+                ], $fieldParams);
+            }
+
+            $column = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(AttributeDefs::fromRaw($fieldParams, $fieldName));
+
+            $this->addColumn($table, $column);
+        }
+
+        $deletedColumn = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(
+            AttributeDefs::fromRaw([
+                'type' => Entity::BOOL,
+                'default' => false,
+            ], self::ATTR_DELETED)
+        );
+
+        $this->addColumn($table, $deletedColumn);
+
+        $table->setPrimaryKey([self::ATTR_ID]);
+
+        $this->addIndexes($table, $relationDefs->getIndexList());
+
+        $tables[$relationshipName] = $table;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param IndexDefs[] $indexDefsList
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function addIndexes(Table $table, array $indexDefsList): void
+    {
+        foreach ($indexDefsList as $indexDefs) {
+            $columns = array_map(
+                fn($item) => Util::toUnderScore($item),
+                $indexDefs->getColumnList()
+            );
+
+            if ($indexDefs->isUnique()) {
+                $table->addUniqueIndex($columns, $indexDefs->getKey());
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $table->addIndex($columns, $indexDefs->getKey(), $indexDefs->getFlagList());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @todo Move to a class. Add unit test.
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private static function convertColumn(Column $column): array
+    {
+        $result = [
+            'notnull' => $column->isNotNull(),
+        ];
+
+        if ($column->getLength() !== null) {
+            $result['length'] = $column->getLength();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getDefault() !== null) {
+            $result['default'] = $column->getDefault();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getAutoincrement() !== null) {
+            $result['autoincrement'] = $column->getAutoincrement();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getPrecision() !== null) {
+            $result['precision'] = $column->getPrecision();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getScale() !== null) {
+            $result['scale'] = $column->getScale();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getUnsigned() !== null) {
+            $result['unsigned'] = $column->getUnsigned();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getFixed() !== null) {
+            $result['fixed'] = $column->getFixed();
+        }
+
+        // Can't use customSchemaOptions as it causes unwanted ALTER TABLE.
+        $result['platformOptions'] = [];
+
+        if ($column->getCollation()) {
+            $result['platformOptions']['collation'] = $column->getCollation();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getCharset()) {
+            $result['platformOptions']['charset'] = $column->getCharset();
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string[] $entityTypeList
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta
+     * @param string[] $depList
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    private function getDependentEntityTypeList(array $entityTypeList, array $ormMeta, array $depList = []): array
+    {
+        foreach ($entityTypeList as $entityType) {
+            if (in_array($entityType, $depList)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $depList[] = $entityType;
+
+            $entityDefs = EntityDefs::fromRaw($ormMeta[$entityType] ?? [], $entityType);
+
+            foreach ($entityDefs->getRelationList() as $relationDefs) {
+                if (!$relationDefs->hasForeignEntityType()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $itemEntityType = $relationDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+
+                if (in_array($itemEntityType, $depList)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $depList = $this->getDependentEntityTypeList([$itemEntityType], $ormMeta, $depList);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $depList;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/Column.php

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * A DB column parameters.
+ */
+class Column
+{
+    private bool $notNull = false;
+    private ?int $length = null;
+    private mixed $default = null;
+    private ?bool $autoincrement = null;
+    private ?int $precision = null;
+    private ?int $scale = null;
+    private ?bool $unsigned = null;
+    private ?bool $fixed = null;
+    private ?string $collation = null;
+    private ?string $charset = null;
+
+    private function __construct(
+        private string $name,
+        private string $type
+    ) {}
+
+    public static function create(string $name, string $type): self
+    {
+        return new self($name, $type);
+    }
+
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    public function getType(): string
+    {
+        return $this->type;
+    }
+
+    public function isNotNull(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->notNull;
+    }
+
+    public function getLength(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->length;
+    }
+
+    public function getDefault(): mixed
+    {
+        return $this->default;
+    }
+
+    public function getAutoincrement(): ?bool
+    {
+        return $this->autoincrement;
+    }
+
+    public function getUnsigned(): ?bool
+    {
+        return $this->unsigned;
+    }
+
+    public function getPrecision(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->precision;
+    }
+
+    public function getScale(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->scale;
+    }
+
+    public function getFixed(): ?bool
+    {
+        return $this->fixed;
+    }
+
+    public function getCollation(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->collation;
+    }
+
+    public function getCharset(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->charset;
+    }
+
+    public function withNotNull(bool $notNull = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->notNull = $notNull;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withLength(?int $length): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->length = $length;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withDefault(mixed $default): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->default = $default;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withAutoincrement(?bool $autoincrement = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->autoincrement = $autoincrement;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unsigned. Supported only by MySQL.
+     */
+    public function withUnsigned(?bool $unsigned = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->unsigned = $unsigned;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withPrecision(?int $precision): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->precision = $precision;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withScale(?int $scale): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->scale = $scale;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fixed length. For string and binary types.
+     */
+    public function withFixed(?bool $fixed = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->fixed = $fixed;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withCollation(?string $collation): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->collation = $collation;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withCharset(?string $charset): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->charset = $charset;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+
+interface ColumnPreparator
+{
+    public function prepare(AttributeDefs $defs): Column;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparatorFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\Binding\BindingContainerBuilder;
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class ColumnPreparatorFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Metadata $metadata,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        private Helper $helper
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(string $platform): ColumnPreparator
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<ColumnPreparator> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $platform, 'columnPreparatorClassName']);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No Column-Preparator for {$platform}.");
+        }
+
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+            ->build();
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparators/MysqlColumnPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparators;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\LongtextType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\MediumtextType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\Column;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparator;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+
+class MysqlColumnPreparator implements ColumnPreparator
+{
+    private const PARAM_DB_TYPE = AttributeParam::DB_TYPE;
+    private const PARAM_DEFAULT = AttributeParam::DEFAULT;
+    private const PARAM_NOT_NULL = AttributeParam::NOT_NULL;
+    private const PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT = 'autoincrement';
+    private const PARAM_PRECISION = 'precision';
+    private const PARAM_SCALE = 'scale';
+    private const PARAM_BINARY = 'binary';
+
+    public const TYPE_MYSQL = 'MySQL';
+    public const TYPE_MARIADB = 'MariaDB';
+
+    private const MB4_INDEX_LENGTH_LIMIT = 3072;
+    private const DEFAULT_INDEX_LIMIT = 1000;
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private array $mediumTextTypeList = [
+        Entity::TEXT,
+        Entity::JSON_OBJECT,
+        Entity::JSON_ARRAY,
+    ];
+
+    /** @var array<string, string> */
+    private array $columnTypeMap = [
+        Entity::BOOL => Types::BOOLEAN,
+        Entity::INT => Types::INTEGER,
+        Entity::VARCHAR => Types::STRING,
+    ];
+
+    private ?int $maxIndexLength = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Helper $helper
+    ) {}
+
+    public function prepare(AttributeDefs $defs): Column
+    {
+        $dbType = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DB_TYPE);
+        $type = $defs->getType();
+        $length = $defs->getLength();
+        $default = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DEFAULT);
+        $notNull = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_NOT_NULL);
+        $autoincrement = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT);
+        $precision = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_PRECISION);
+        $scale = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_SCALE);
+        $binary = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_BINARY);
+
+        $columnType = $dbType ?? $type;
+
+        if (in_array($type, $this->mediumTextTypeList) && !$dbType) {
+            $columnType = MediumtextType::NAME;
+        }
+
+        $columnType = $this->columnTypeMap[$columnType] ?? $columnType;
+
+        $columnName = Util::toUnderScore($defs->getName());
+
+        $column = Column::create($columnName, strtolower($columnType));
+
+        if ($length !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withLength($length);
+        }
+
+        if ($default !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+        }
+
+        if ($notNull !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withNotNull($notNull);
+        }
+
+        if ($autoincrement !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withAutoincrement($autoincrement);
+        }
+
+        if ($precision !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withPrecision($precision);
+        }
+
+        if ($scale !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withScale($scale);
+        }
+
+        $mb3 = false;
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case Entity::ID:
+            case Entity::FOREIGN_ID:
+            case Entity::FOREIGN_TYPE:
+                $mb3 = $this->getMaxIndexLength() < self::MB4_INDEX_LENGTH_LIMIT;
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::TEXT:
+                $column = $column->withDefault(null);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::JSON_ARRAY:
+                $default = is_array($default) ? json_encode($default) : null;
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::BOOL:
+                $default = intval($default ?? false);
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if ($type !== Entity::ID && $autoincrement) {
+            $column = $column
+                ->withNotNull()
+                ->withUnsigned();
+        }
+
+        if (
+            !in_array($columnType, [
+                Types::STRING,
+                Types::TEXT,
+                MediumtextType::NAME,
+                LongtextType::NAME,
+            ])
+        ) {
+            return $column;
+        }
+
+        $collation = $binary ?
+            'utf8mb4_bin' :
+            'utf8mb4_unicode_ci';
+
+        $charset = 'utf8mb4';
+
+        if ($mb3) {
+            $collation = $binary ?
+                'utf8mb3_bin' :
+                'utf8mb3_unicode_ci';
+
+            $charset = 'utf8mb3';
+        }
+
+        return $column
+            ->withCollation($collation)
+            ->withCharset($charset);
+    }
+
+    private function getMaxIndexLength(): int
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->maxIndexLength)) {
+            $this->maxIndexLength = $this->detectMaxIndexLength();
+        }
+
+        return $this->maxIndexLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get maximum index length.
+     */
+    private function detectMaxIndexLength(): int
+    {
+        $tableEngine = $this->getTableEngine();
+
+        if (!$tableEngine) {
+            return self::DEFAULT_INDEX_LIMIT;
+        }
+
+        return match ($tableEngine) {
+            'InnoDB' => 3072,
+            default => 1000,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table or default engine.
+     */
+    private function getTableEngine(): ?string
+    {
+        $databaseType = $this->helper->getType();
+
+        if (!in_array($databaseType, [self::TYPE_MYSQL, self::TYPE_MARIADB])) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $query = "SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE Engine = 'MyISAM'";
+
+        $vars = [];
+
+        $pdo = $this->helper->getPDO();
+
+        $sth = $pdo->prepare($query);
+        $sth->execute($vars);
+
+        $result = $sth->fetchColumn();
+
+        if (!empty($result)) {
+            return 'MyISAM';
+        }
+
+        return 'InnoDB';
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparators/PostgresqlColumnPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparators;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\Column;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparator;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+
+class PostgresqlColumnPreparator implements ColumnPreparator
+{
+    private const PARAM_DB_TYPE = AttributeParam::DB_TYPE;
+    private const PARAM_DEFAULT = AttributeParam::DEFAULT;
+    private const PARAM_NOT_NULL = AttributeParam::NOT_NULL;
+    private const PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT = 'autoincrement';
+    private const PARAM_PRECISION = 'precision';
+    private const PARAM_SCALE = 'scale';
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private array $textTypeList = [
+        Entity::TEXT,
+        Entity::JSON_OBJECT,
+        Entity::JSON_ARRAY,
+    ];
+
+    /** @var array<string, string> */
+    private array $columnTypeMap = [
+        Entity::BOOL => Types::BOOLEAN,
+        Entity::INT => Types::INTEGER,
+        Entity::VARCHAR => Types::STRING,
+        // DBAL reverse engineers as blob.
+        Types::BINARY => Types::BLOB,
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct() {}
+
+    public function prepare(AttributeDefs $defs): Column
+    {
+        $dbType = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DB_TYPE);
+        $type = $defs->getType();
+        $length = $defs->getLength();
+        $default = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DEFAULT);
+        $notNull = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_NOT_NULL);
+        $autoincrement = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT);
+        $precision = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_PRECISION);
+        $scale = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_SCALE);
+
+        $columnType = $dbType ?? $type;
+
+        if (in_array($type, $this->textTypeList) && !$dbType) {
+            $columnType = Types::TEXT;
+        }
+
+        $columnType = $this->columnTypeMap[$columnType] ?? $columnType;
+
+        $columnName = Util::toUnderScore($defs->getName());
+
+        $column = Column::create($columnName, strtolower($columnType));
+
+        if ($length !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withLength($length);
+        }
+
+        if ($default !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+        }
+
+        if ($notNull !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withNotNull($notNull);
+        }
+
+        if ($autoincrement !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withAutoincrement($autoincrement);
+        }
+
+        if ($precision !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withPrecision($precision);
+        }
+
+        if ($scale !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withScale($scale);
+        }
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case Entity::TEXT:
+                $column = $column->withDefault(null);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::JSON_ARRAY:
+                $default = is_array($default) ? json_encode($default) : null;
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::BOOL:
+                $default = intval($default ?? false);
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if ($type !== Entity::ID && $autoincrement) {
+            $column = $column
+                ->withNotNull()
+                ->withUnsigned();
+        }
+
+        return $column;
+
+        // @todo Revise. Comparator would detect the column as changed if charset is set.
+        /*if (
+            !in_array($columnType, [
+                Types::STRING,
+                Types::TEXT,
+            ])
+        ) {
+            return $column;
+        }
+
+        return $column->withCharset('UTF8');*/
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/DiffModifier.php

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DbalException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Column as Column;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\ColumnDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\TableDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\TextType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\LongtextType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\MediumtextType;
+
+class DiffModifier
+{
+    /**
+     * @param RebuildMode::* $mode
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    public function modify(
+        SchemaDiff $diff,
+        Schema $schema,
+        bool $secondRun = false,
+        string $mode = RebuildMode::SOFT
+    ): bool {
+
+        $reRun = false;
+        $isHard = $mode === RebuildMode::HARD;
+
+        $diff = $this->handleRemovedSequences($diff, $schema);
+
+        $diff->removedTables = [];
+
+        foreach ($diff->changedTables as $tableDiff) {
+            $reRun = $this->amendTableDiff($tableDiff, $secondRun, $isHard) || $reRun;
+        }
+
+        return $reRun;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function amendTableDiff(TableDiff $tableDiff, bool $secondRun, bool $isHard): bool
+    {
+        $reRun = false;
+
+        /**
+         * @todo Leave only for MariaDB?
+         * MariaDB supports RENAME INDEX as of v10.5.
+         * Find out how long does it take to rename for different databases.
+         */
+
+        if (!$isHard) {
+            // Prevent index renaming as an operation may take a lot of time.
+            $tableDiff->renamedIndexes = [];
+        }
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->removedColumns as $name => $column) {
+            $reRun = $this->moveRemovedAutoincrementColumnToChanged($tableDiff, $column, $name) || $reRun;
+        }
+
+        if (!$isHard) {
+            // Prevent column removal to prevent data loss.
+            $tableDiff->removedColumns = [];
+        }
+
+        // Prevent column renaming as a not desired behavior.
+        foreach ($tableDiff->renamedColumns as $renamedColumn) {
+            $addedName = strtolower($renamedColumn->getName());
+            $tableDiff->addedColumns[$addedName] = $renamedColumn;
+        }
+
+        $tableDiff->renamedColumns = [];
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->addedColumns as $column) {
+            // Suppress autoincrement as need having a unique index first.
+            $reRun = $this->amendAddedColumnAutoincrement($column) || $reRun;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->changedColumns as $name => $columnDiff) {
+            if (!$isHard) {
+                // Prevent decreasing length for string columns to prevent data loss.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffLength($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+                // Prevent longtext => mediumtext to prevent data loss.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffTextType($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+                // Prevent changing collation.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffCollation($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+                // Prevent changing charset.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffCharset($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+            }
+
+            // Prevent setting autoincrement in first run.
+            if (!$secondRun) {
+                $reRun = $this->amendColumnDiffAutoincrement($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name) || $reRun;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $reRun;
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffLength(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('length', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromLength = $fromColumn->getLength() ?? 255;
+        $length = $column->getLength() ?? 255;
+
+        if ($fromLength <= $length) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setLength($fromLength);
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'length');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function amendColumnDiffTextType(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('type', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromType = $fromColumn->getType();
+        $type = $column->getType();
+
+        if (
+            !$fromType instanceof TextType ||
+            !$type instanceof TextType
+        ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $typePriority = [
+            Types::TEXT,
+            MediumtextType::NAME,
+            LongtextType::NAME,
+        ];
+
+        $fromIndex = array_search($fromType->getName(), $typePriority);
+        $index = array_search($type->getName(), $typePriority);
+
+        if ($index >= $fromIndex) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setType(Type::getType($fromType->getName()));
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'type');
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffCollation(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('collation', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromCollation = $fromColumn->getPlatformOption('collation');
+
+        if (!$fromCollation) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setPlatformOption('collation', $fromCollation);
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'collation');
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffCharset(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('charset', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromCharset = $fromColumn->getPlatformOption('charset');
+
+        if (!$fromCharset) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setPlatformOption('charset', $fromCharset);
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'charset');
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffAutoincrement(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): bool
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('autoincrement', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $column
+            ->setAutoincrement(false)
+            ->setNotnull(false)
+            ->setDefault(null);
+
+        if ($name === 'id') {
+            $column->setNotnull(true);
+        }
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'autoincrement');
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function amendAddedColumnAutoincrement(Column $column): bool
+    {
+        if (!$column->getAutoincrement()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $column
+            ->setAutoincrement(false)
+            ->setNotnull(false)
+            ->setDefault(null);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function moveRemovedAutoincrementColumnToChanged(TableDiff $tableDiff, Column $column, string $name): bool
+    {
+        if (!$column->getAutoincrement()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $newColumn = clone $column;
+
+        $newColumn
+            ->setAutoincrement(false)
+            ->setNotnull(false)
+            ->setDefault(null);
+
+        $changedProperties = [
+            'autoincrement',
+            'notnull',
+            'default',
+        ];
+
+        $tableDiff->changedColumns[$name] = new ColumnDiff($name, $newColumn, $changedProperties, $column);
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->removedIndexes as $indexName => $index) {
+            if ($index->getColumns() === [$name]) {
+                unset($tableDiff->removedIndexes[$indexName]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static function unsetChangedColumnProperty(
+        TableDiff $tableDiff,
+        ColumnDiff $columnDiff,
+        string $name,
+        string $property
+    ): void {
+
+        if (count($columnDiff->changedProperties) === 1) {
+            unset($tableDiff->changedColumns[$name]);
+        }
+
+        $columnDiff->changedProperties = array_diff($columnDiff->changedProperties, [$property]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DBAL does not handle autoincrement columns that are not primary keys,
+     * making them dropped.
+     */
+    private function handleRemovedSequences(SchemaDiff $diff, Schema $schema): SchemaDiff
+    {
+        $droppedSequences = $diff->getDroppedSequences();
+
+        if ($droppedSequences === []) {
+            return $diff;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($droppedSequences as $i => $sequence) {
+            foreach ($schema->getTables() as $table) {
+                $namespace = $table->getNamespaceName();
+                $tableName = $table->getShortestName($namespace);
+
+                foreach ($table->getColumns() as $column) {
+                    if (!$column->getAutoincrement()) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $sequenceName = $sequence->getShortestName($namespace);
+
+                    $tableSequenceName = sprintf('%s_%s_seq', $tableName, $column->getShortestName($namespace));
+
+                    if ($tableSequenceName !== $sequenceName) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    unset($droppedSequences[$i]);
+
+                    continue 3;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $diff->removedSequences = array_values($droppedSequences);
+
+        return $diff;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/EntityDefsModifier.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\EntityDefs as OrmEntityDefs;
+
+/**
+ * Modifies definitions before building a schema.
+ */
+interface EntityDefsModifier
+{
+    public function modify(OrmEntityDefs $entityDefs): EntityDefs;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/EntityDefsModifiers/JsonData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\EntityDefsModifiers;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\EntityDefsModifier;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\EntityDefs as OrmEntityDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+/**
+ * A single JSON column instead of multiple field columns.
+ */
+class JsonData implements EntityDefsModifier
+{
+    public function modify(OrmEntityDefs $entityDefs): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $sourceIdAttribute = $entityDefs->getAttribute('id');
+
+        $idAttribute = AttributeDefs::create('id')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::ID);
+
+        $length = $sourceIdAttribute->getLength();
+        $dbType = $sourceIdAttribute->getParam(AttributeParam::DB_TYPE);
+
+        if ($length) {
+            $idAttribute = $idAttribute->withLength($length);
+        }
+
+        if ($dbType) {
+            $idAttribute = $idAttribute->withDbType($dbType);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idAttribute)
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create('data')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/MetadataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\ConfigDataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+
+class MetadataProvider
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider,
+        private Metadata $metadata
+    ) {}
+
+    private function getPlatform(): string
+    {
+        return $this->configDataProvider->getPlatform();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return class-string<RebuildAction>[]
+     */
+    public function getPreRebuildActionClassNameList(): array
+    {
+        /** @var class-string<RebuildAction>[] */
+        return $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $this->getPlatform(), 'preRebuildActionClassNameList']) ?? [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return class-string<RebuildAction>[]
+     */
+    public function getPostRebuildActionClassNameList(): array
+    {
+        /** @var class-string<RebuildAction>[] */
+        return $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $this->getPlatform(), 'postRebuildActionClassNameList']) ?? [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, class-string<Type>>
+     */
+    public function getDbalTypeClassNameMap(): array
+    {
+        /** @var array<string, class-string<Type>> */
+        return $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $this->getPlatform(), 'dbalTypeClassNameMap']) ?? [];
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/RebuildAction.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as DbalSchema;
+
+interface RebuildAction
+{
+    public function process(DbalSchema $oldSchema, DbalSchema $newSchema): void;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/RebuildActions/PrepareForFulltextIndex.php

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\RebuildActions;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DbalException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as DbalSchema;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\RebuildAction;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+
+use Exception;
+
+class PrepareForFulltextIndex implements RebuildAction
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Helper $helper,
+        private Log $log
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    public function process(DbalSchema $oldSchema, DbalSchema $newSchema): void
+    {
+        if ($oldSchema->getTables() === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $connection = $this->helper->getDbalConnection();
+        $pdo = $this->helper->getPDO();
+
+        foreach ($newSchema->getTables() as $table) {
+            $tableName = $table->getName();
+            $indexes = $table->getIndexes();
+
+            foreach ($indexes as $index) {
+                if (!$index->hasFlag('fulltext')) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $columns = $index->getColumns();
+
+                foreach ($columns as $columnName) {
+                    $sql = "SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `" . $tableName . "` WHERE Field = " . $pdo->quote($columnName);
+
+                    try {
+                        /** @var array{Type: string, Collation: string} $row */
+                        $row = $connection->fetchAssociative($sql);
+                    } catch (Exception) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    switch (strtoupper($row['Type'])) {
+                        case 'LONGTEXT':
+                            $alterSql =
+                                "ALTER TABLE `{$tableName}` " .
+                                "MODIFY `{$columnName}` MEDIUMTEXT COLLATE " . $row['Collation'];
+
+                            $this->log->info('SCHEMA, Execute Query: ' . $alterSql);
+
+                            $connection->executeQuery($alterSql);
+
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/RebuildMode.php

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+class RebuildMode
+{
+    public const SOFT = 'soft';
+    public const HARD = 'hard';
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/SchemaManager.php

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection as DbalConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DbalException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\AbstractSchemaManager;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Comparator;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+
+use Espo\Core\Binding\BindingContainerBuilder;
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata\OrmMetadataData;
+
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * A database schema manager.
+ */
+class SchemaManager
+{
+    /** @var AbstractSchemaManager<AbstractPlatform> */
+    private AbstractSchemaManager $schemaManager;
+    private Comparator $comparator;
+    private Builder $builder;
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        private OrmMetadataData $ormMetadataData,
+        private Log $log,
+        private Helper $helper,
+        private MetadataProvider $metadataProvider,
+        private DiffModifier $diffModifier,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory
+    ) {
+        $this->schemaManager = $this->getDbalConnection()
+            ->getDatabasePlatform()
+            ->createSchemaManager($this->getDbalConnection());
+
+        // Not using a platform specific comparator as it unsets a collation and charset if
+        // they match a table default.
+        //$this->comparator = $this->schemaManager->createComparator();
+        $this->comparator = new Comparator($this->getPlatform());
+
+        $this->initFieldTypes();
+
+        $this->builder = $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding(
+            Builder::class,
+            BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+                ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+                ->build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function getDatabaseHelper(): Helper
+    {
+        return $this->helper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function getPlatform(): AbstractPlatform
+    {
+        return $this->getDbalConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
+    }
+
+    private function getDbalConnection(): DbalConnection
+    {
+        return $this->helper->getDbalConnection();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function initFieldTypes(): void
+    {
+        foreach ($this->metadataProvider->getDbalTypeClassNameMap() as $type => $className) {
+            Type::hasType($type) ?
+                Type::overrideType($type, $className) :
+                Type::addType($type, $className);
+
+            $this->getDbalConnection()
+                ->getDatabasePlatform()
+                ->registerDoctrineTypeMapping($type, $type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rebuild database schema. Creates and alters needed tables and columns.
+     * Does not remove columns, does not decrease column lengths.
+     *
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList Specific entity types.
+     * @param RebuildMode::* $mode A mode.
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     * @throws DbalException
+     * @todo Catch and re-throw exceptions.
+     */
+    public function rebuild(?array $entityTypeList = null, string $mode = RebuildMode::SOFT): bool
+    {
+        $fromSchema = $this->introspectSchema();
+        $schema = $this->builder->build($this->ormMetadataData->getData(), $entityTypeList);
+
+        try {
+            $this->processPreRebuildActions($fromSchema, $schema);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log->alert('Rebuild database pre-rebuild error: '. $e->getMessage());
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $diff = $this->comparator->compareSchemas($fromSchema, $schema);
+        $needReRun = $this->diffModifier->modify($diff, $schema, false, $mode);
+        $sql = $this->composeDiffSql($diff);
+
+        $result = $this->runSql($sql);
+
+        if (!$result) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($needReRun) {
+            // Needed to handle auto-increment column creation/removal/change.
+            // As an auto-increment column requires having a unique index, but
+            // Doctrine DBAL does not handle this.
+            $intermediateSchema = $this->introspectSchema();
+            $schema = $this->builder->build($this->ormMetadataData->getData(), $entityTypeList);
+
+            $diff = $this->comparator->compareSchemas($intermediateSchema, $schema);
+
+            $this->diffModifier->modify($diff, $schema, true);
+            $sql = $this->composeDiffSql($diff);
+            $result = $this->runSql($sql);
+        }
+
+        if (!$result) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->processPostRebuildActions($fromSchema, $schema);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log->alert('Rebuild database post-rebuild error: ' . $e->getMessage());
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string[] $queries
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    private function runSql(array $queries): bool
+    {
+        $result = true;
+
+        $connection = $this->getDbalConnection();
+
+        foreach ($queries as $sql) {
+            $this->log->info('Schema, query: '. $sql);
+
+            try {
+                $connection->executeQuery($sql);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->log->alert('Rebuild database error: ' . $e->getMessage());
+
+                $result = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Introspect and return a current database schema.
+     *
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function introspectSchema(): Schema
+    {
+        return $this->schemaManager->introspectSchema();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function composeDiffSql(SchemaDiff $diff): array
+    {
+        return $this->getPlatform()->getAlterSchemaSQL($diff);
+    }
+
+    private function processPreRebuildActions(Schema $actualSchema, Schema $schema): void
+    {
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+            ->build();
+
+        foreach ($this->metadataProvider->getPreRebuildActionClassNameList() as $className) {
+            $action = $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+
+            $action->process($actualSchema, $schema);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function processPostRebuildActions(Schema $actualSchema, Schema $schema): void
+    {
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+            ->build();
+
+        foreach ($this->metadataProvider->getPostRebuildActionClassNameList() as $className) {
+            $action = $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+
+            $action->process($actualSchema, $schema);
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/SchemaManagerProxy.php

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaException;
+
+class SchemaManagerProxy
+{
+    private ?SchemaManager $schemaManager = null;
+
+    public function __construct(private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory) {}
+
+    private function getSchemaManager(): SchemaManager
+    {
+        $this->schemaManager ??= $this->injectableFactory->create(SchemaManager::class);
+
+        return $this->schemaManager;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList
+     * @param RebuildMode::* $mode
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    public function rebuild(?array $entityTypeList = null, string $mode = RebuildMode::SOFT): bool
+    {
+        return $this->getSchemaManager()->rebuild($entityTypeList, $mode);
+    }
+
+    public function getDatabaseHelper(): Helper
+    {
+        return $this->getSchemaManager()->getDatabaseHelper();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/Utils.php

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\EntityParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\IndexParam;
+
+class Utils
+{
+    /**
+     * Get indexes in specific format.
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $defs
+     * @param string[] $ignoreFlags @todo Remove parameter?
+     * @return array<string, array<string, mixed>>
+     */
+    public static function getIndexes(array $defs, array $ignoreFlags = []): array
+    {
+        $indexList = [];
+
+        foreach ($defs as $entityType => $entityParams) {
+            $indexes = $entityParams[EntityParam::INDEXES] ?? [];
+
+            foreach ($indexes as $indexName => $indexParams) {
+                $indexDefs = IndexDefs::fromRaw($indexParams, $indexName);
+
+                $tableIndexName = $indexParams[IndexParam::KEY] ?? null;
+
+                if (!$tableIndexName) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $columns = $indexDefs->getColumnList();
+                $flags = $indexDefs->getFlagList();
+
+                if ($flags !== []) {
+                    $skipIndex = false;
+
+                    foreach ($ignoreFlags as $ignoreFlag) {
+                        if (($flagKey = array_search($ignoreFlag, $flags)) !== false) {
+                            unset($flags[$flagKey]);
+
+                            $skipIndex = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if ($skipIndex && empty($flags)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $indexList[$entityType][$tableIndexName][IndexParam::FLAGS] = $flags;
+                }
+
+                if ($columns !== []) {
+                    $indexType = self::getIndexTypeByIndexDefs($indexDefs);
+
+                    // @todo Revise, may to be removed.
+                    $indexList[$entityType][$tableIndexName][IndexParam::TYPE] = $indexType;
+
+                    $indexList[$entityType][$tableIndexName][IndexParam::COLUMNS] = array_map(
+                        fn ($item) => Util::toUnderScore($item),
+                        $columns
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> */
+        return $indexList; /** @phpstan-ignore-line */
+    }
+
+    private static function getIndexTypeByIndexDefs(IndexDefs $indexDefs): string
+    {
+        if ($indexDefs->isUnique()) {
+            return 'unique';
+        }
+
+        if (in_array('fulltext', $indexDefs->getFlagList())) {
+            return 'fulltext';
+        }
+
+        return 'index';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta
+     * @param int $indexMaxLength
+     * @param ?array<string, mixed> $indexList
+     * @param int $characterLength
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public static function getFieldListExceededIndexMaxLength(
+        array $ormMeta,
+        $indexMaxLength = 1000,
+        ?array $indexList = null,
+        $characterLength = 4
+    ) {
+
+        $permittedFieldTypeList = [
+            FieldType::VARCHAR,
+        ];
+
+        $fields = [];
+
+        if (!isset($indexList)) {
+            $indexList = self::getIndexes($ormMeta, ['fulltext']);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($indexList as $entityName => $indexes) {
+            foreach ($indexes as $indexName => $indexParams) {
+                $columnList = $indexParams['columns'];
+
+                $indexLength = 0;
+
+                foreach ($columnList as $columnName) {
+                    $fieldName = Util::toCamelCase($columnName);
+
+                    if (!isset($ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName])) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $indexLength += self::getFieldLength(
+                        $ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName],
+                        $characterLength
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if ($indexLength > $indexMaxLength) {
+                    foreach ($columnList as $columnName) {
+                        $fieldName = Util::toCamelCase($columnName);
+
+                        if (!isset($ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        $fieldType = self::getFieldType($ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName]);
+
+                        if (in_array($fieldType, $permittedFieldTypeList)) {
+                            if (!isset($fields[$entityName]) || !in_array($fieldName, $fields[$entityName])) {
+                                $fields[$entityName][] = $fieldName;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $fields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormFieldDefs
+     * @param int $characterLength
+     * @return int
+     */
+    private static function getFieldLength(array $ormFieldDefs, $characterLength = 4)
+    {
+        $length = 0;
+
+        if (isset($ormFieldDefs[AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE]) && $ormFieldDefs[AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE]) {
+            return $length;
+        }
+
+        $defaultLength = [
+            'datetime' => 8,
+            'time' => 4,
+            'int' => 4,
+            'bool' => 1,
+            'float' => 4,
+            'varchar' => 255,
+        ];
+
+        $type = self::getDbFieldType($ormFieldDefs);
+
+        $length = $defaultLength[$type] ?? $length;
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case 'varchar':
+                $length = $length * $characterLength;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return $length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormFieldDefs
+     * @return string
+     */
+    private static function getDbFieldType(array $ormFieldDefs)
+    {
+        return $ormFieldDefs[AttributeParam::DB_TYPE] ?? $ormFieldDefs['type'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormFieldDefs
+     */
+    private static function getFieldType(array $ormFieldDefs): string
+    {
+        return $ormFieldDefs['type'] ?? self::getDbFieldType($ormFieldDefs);
+    }
+}