Initial commit

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/ConfigDataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database;
+
+interface ConfigDataProvider
+{
+    public function getPlatform(): string;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/ConnectionFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Espo\ORM\DatabaseParams;
+
+interface ConnectionFactory
+{
+    public function create(DatabaseParams $databaseParams): Connection;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/ConnectionFactoryFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal;
+
+use Espo\Core\Binding\BindingContainerBuilder;
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+use PDO;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class ConnectionFactoryFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Metadata $metadata,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(string $platform, PDO $pdo): ConnectionFactory
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<ConnectionFactory> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $platform, 'dbalConnectionFactoryClassName']);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No DBAL ConnectionFactory for {$platform}.");
+        }
+
+        $bindingContainer = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(PDO::class, $pdo)
+            ->build();
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $bindingContainer);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Factories/MysqlConnectionFactory.php

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+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Factories;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDO\MySQL\Driver as PDOMySQLDriver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DBALException;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\ConnectionFactory;
+use Espo\ORM\DatabaseParams;
+use Espo\ORM\PDO\Options as PdoOptions;
+
+use PDO;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class MysqlConnectionFactory implements ConnectionFactory
+{
+    private const DEFAULT_CHARSET = 'utf8mb4';
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private PDO $pdo
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DBALException
+     */
+    public function create(DatabaseParams $databaseParams): Connection
+    {
+        $driver = new PDOMySQLDriver();
+
+        if (!$databaseParams->getHost()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No database host in config.");
+        }
+
+        $params = [
+            'pdo' => $this->pdo,
+            'host' => $databaseParams->getHost(),
+            'driverOptions' => PdoOptions::getOptionsFromDatabaseParams($databaseParams),
+        ];
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getName() !== null) {
+            $params['dbname'] = $databaseParams->getName();
+        }
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getPort() !== null) {
+            $params['port'] = $databaseParams->getPort();
+        }
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getUsername() !== null) {
+            $params['user'] = $databaseParams->getUsername();
+        }
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getPassword() !== null) {
+            $params['password'] = $databaseParams->getPassword();
+        }
+
+        $params['charset'] = $databaseParams->getCharset() ?? self::DEFAULT_CHARSET;
+
+        return new Connection($params, $driver);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Factories/PostgresqlConnectionFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Factories;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDO\PgSQL\Driver as PostgreSQLDriver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DBALException;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\ConnectionFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Platforms\PostgresqlPlatform;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\ORM\DatabaseParams;
+use Espo\ORM\PDO\Options as PdoOptions;
+
+use PDO;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class PostgresqlConnectionFactory implements ConnectionFactory
+{
+    private const DEFAULT_CHARSET = 'utf8';
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private PDO $pdo,
+        private Helper $helper
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DBALException
+     */
+    public function create(DatabaseParams $databaseParams): Connection
+    {
+        $driver = new PostgreSQLDriver();
+
+        if (!$databaseParams->getHost()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No database host in config.");
+        }
+
+        $platform = new PostgresqlPlatform();
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getName()) {
+            $platform->setTextSearchConfig($this->helper->getParam('default_text_search_config'));
+        }
+
+        $params = [
+            'platform' => $platform,
+            'pdo' => $this->pdo,
+            'host' => $databaseParams->getHost(),
+            'driverOptions' => PdoOptions::getOptionsFromDatabaseParams($databaseParams),
+        ];
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getName() !== null) {
+            $params['dbname'] = $databaseParams->getName();
+        }
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getPort() !== null) {
+            $params['port'] = $databaseParams->getPort();
+        }
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getUsername() !== null) {
+            $params['user'] = $databaseParams->getUsername();
+        }
+
+        if ($databaseParams->getPassword() !== null) {
+            $params['password'] = $databaseParams->getPassword();
+        }
+
+        $params['charset'] = $databaseParams->getCharset() ?? self::DEFAULT_CHARSET;
+
+        return new Connection($params, $driver);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Platforms/Keywords/MariaDb102Keywords.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Platforms\Keywords;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\Keywords\MariaDBKeywords;
+
+/**
+ * 'LEAD' happened to be a reserved words on some environments.
+ */
+class MariaDb102Keywords extends MariaDBKeywords
+{
+    /** @deprecated */
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return 'MariaDb102';
+    }
+
+    protected function getKeywords(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            ...parent::getKeywords(),
+            'LEAD',
+        ];
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Platforms/PostgreSQLSchemaManager.php

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Platforms;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Index;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\PostgreSQLSchemaManager as BasePostgreSQLSchemaManager;
+
+class PostgreSQLSchemaManager extends BasePostgreSQLSchemaManager
+{
+    /**
+     * DBAL does not add the 'fulltext' flag on reverse engineering.
+     */
+    protected function _getPortableTableIndexesList($tableIndexes, $tableName = null)
+    {
+        $indexes = parent::_getPortableTableIndexesList($tableIndexes, $tableName);
+
+        foreach ($tableIndexes as $row) {
+            $key = $row['relname'];
+
+            if ($key === "idx_{$tableName}_system_full_text_search") {
+                $sql = "SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE indexname = '{$key}'";
+
+                $rows = $this->_conn->fetchAllAssociative($sql);
+
+                if (!$rows) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $columns = self::parseColumnsIndexFromDeclaration($rows[0]['indexdef']);
+
+                $indexes[$key] = new Index(
+                    $key,
+                    $columns,
+                    false,
+                    false,
+                    ['fulltext']
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $indexes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    private static function parseColumnsIndexFromDeclaration(string $string): array
+    {
+        preg_match('/to_tsvector\((.*),(.*)\)/i', $string, $matches);
+
+        if (!$matches || count($matches) < 3) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $part = $matches[2];
+
+        $part = str_replace("|| ' '::text", '', $part);
+        $part = str_replace("::text", '', $part);
+        $part = str_replace(" ", '', $part);
+        $part = str_replace("||", ' ', $part);
+        $part = str_replace("(", '', $part);
+        $part = str_replace(")", '', $part);
+
+        $list = array_map(
+            fn ($item) => trim($item),
+            explode(' ', $part)
+        );
+
+        return $list;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Platforms/PostgresqlPlatform.php

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Platforms;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\PostgreSQL100Platform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Index;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table;
+
+class PostgresqlPlatform extends PostgreSQL100Platform
+{
+    private const TEXT_SEARCH_CONFIG = 'pg_catalog.simple';
+
+    private ?string $textSearchConfig;
+
+    public function setTextSearchConfig(?string $textSearchConfig): void
+    {
+        $this->textSearchConfig = $textSearchConfig;
+    }
+
+    public function createSchemaManager(Connection $connection): PostgreSQLSchemaManager
+    {
+        return new PostgreSQLSchemaManager($connection, $this);
+    }
+
+    public function getCreateIndexSQL(Index $index, $table)
+    {
+        if (!$index->hasFlag('fulltext')) {
+            return parent::getCreateIndexSQL($index, $table);
+        }
+
+        if ($table instanceof Table) {
+            $table = $table->getQuotedName($this);
+        }
+
+        $name = $index->getQuotedName($this);
+        $columns = $index->getColumns();
+
+        if (count($columns) === 0) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
+                'Incomplete or invalid index definition %s on table %s',
+                $name,
+                $table,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        $columnsPart = implode(" || ' ' || ", $index->getQuotedColumns($this));
+        $partialPart = $this->getPartialIndexSQL($index);
+
+        $textSearchConfig = $this->textSearchConfig ?? self::TEXT_SEARCH_CONFIG;
+        $textSearchConfig = preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9_.\-]+/', '', $textSearchConfig) ?? '';
+        $configPart = $this->quoteStringLiteral($textSearchConfig);
+
+        return "CREATE INDEX {$name} ON {$table} USING GIN (TO_TSVECTOR({$configPart}, {$columnsPart})) {$partialPart}";
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Types/LongtextType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\TextType;
+
+/**
+ * MySQL only.
+ */
+class LongtextType extends TextType
+{
+    public const NAME = 'longtext';
+
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return self::NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(array $column, AbstractPlatform $platform)
+    {
+        return 'LONGTEXT';
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Types/MediumtextType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\TextType;
+
+/**
+ * MySQL only.
+ */
+class MediumtextType extends TextType
+{
+    public const NAME = 'mediumtext';
+
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return self::NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(array $column, AbstractPlatform $platform)
+    {
+        return 'MEDIUMTEXT';
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Dbal/Types/UuidType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+
+/**
+ * Supported in MariaDB from v10.7.
+ */
+class UuidType extends Type
+{
+    public const NAME = 'uuid';
+
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return self::NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(array $column, AbstractPlatform $platform)
+    {
+        return 'UUID';
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/DefaultConfigDataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+
+class DefaultConfigDataProvider implements ConfigDataProvider
+{
+    private const DEFAULT_PLATFORM = 'Mysql';
+
+    public function __construct(private Config $config) {}
+
+    public function getPlatform(): string
+    {
+        return $this->config->get('database.platform') ?? self::DEFAULT_PLATFORM;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/DetailsProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database;
+
+interface DetailsProvider
+{
+    public function getType(): string;
+
+    public function getVersion(): string;
+
+    public function getServerVersion(): string;
+
+    public function getParam(string $name): ?string;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/DetailsProviderFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database;
+
+use Espo\Core\Binding\BindingContainerBuilder;
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+use PDO;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class DetailsProviderFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        private Metadata $metadata
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(string $platform, PDO $pdo): DetailsProvider
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<DetailsProvider> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $platform, 'detailsProviderClassName']);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No Details-Provider for {$platform}.");
+        }
+
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(PDO::class, $pdo)
+            ->build();
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/DetailsProviders/MysqlDetailsProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\DetailsProviders;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\DetailsProvider;
+use PDO;
+
+class MysqlDetailsProvider implements DetailsProvider
+{
+    public const TYPE_MYSQL = 'MySQL';
+    public const TYPE_MARIADB = 'MariaDB';
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private PDO $pdo
+    ) {}
+
+    public function getType(): string
+    {
+        $version = $this->getFullDatabaseVersion() ?? '';
+
+        if (preg_match('/mariadb/i', $version)) {
+            return self::TYPE_MARIADB;
+        }
+
+        return self::TYPE_MYSQL;
+    }
+
+    public function getVersion(): string
+    {
+        $fullVersion = $this->getFullDatabaseVersion() ?? '';
+
+        if (preg_match('/[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/', $fullVersion, $match)) {
+            return $match[0];
+        }
+
+        return '0.0.0';
+    }
+
+    public function getServerVersion(): string
+    {
+        return (string) $this->getParam('version');
+    }
+
+    public function getParam(string $name): ?string
+    {
+        $sql = "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE :param";
+
+        $sth = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
+        $sth->execute([':param' => $name]);
+
+        $row = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+
+        $index = 1;
+
+        $value = $row[$index] ?: null;
+
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return (string) $value;
+    }
+
+    private function getFullDatabaseVersion(): ?string
+    {
+        $sql = "select version()";
+
+        $sth = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
+        $sth->execute();
+
+        /** @var string|null|false $result */
+        $result = $sth->fetchColumn();
+
+        if ($result === false || $result === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/DetailsProviders/PostgresqlDetailsProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\DetailsProviders;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\DetailsProvider;
+use PDO;
+
+class PostgresqlDetailsProvider implements DetailsProvider
+{
+    private const TYPE_POSTGRESQL = 'PostgreSQL';
+
+    public function __construct(private PDO $pdo)
+    {}
+
+    public function getType(): string
+    {
+       return self::TYPE_POSTGRESQL;
+    }
+
+    public function getVersion(): string
+    {
+        $fullVersion = $this->getFullDatabaseVersion() ?? '';
+
+        if (preg_match('/[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/', $fullVersion, $match)) {
+            return $match[0];
+        }
+
+        return '0.0';
+    }
+
+    public function getServerVersion(): string
+    {
+        return (string) $this->getFullDatabaseVersion();
+    }
+
+    public function getParam(string $name): ?string
+    {
+        $name = preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9_]+/', '', $name);
+
+        $sql = "SHOW {$name}";
+
+        $sth = $this->pdo->query($sql);
+
+        if ($sth === false) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $row = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+
+        if ($row === false) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $value = $row[0] ?: null;
+
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return (string) $value;
+    }
+
+    private function getFullDatabaseVersion(): ?string
+    {
+        $sql = "select version()";
+
+        $sth = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
+        $sth->execute();
+
+        /** @var string|null|false $result */
+        $result = $sth->fetchColumn();
+
+        if ($result === false || $result === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Helper.php

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection as DbalConnection;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\DatabaseParamsFactory;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\PDO\PDOFactoryFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\ConnectionFactoryFactory as DBALConnectionFactoryFactory;
+use Espo\ORM\DatabaseParams;
+
+use PDO;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class Helper
+{
+    private ?DbalConnection $dbalConnection = null;
+    private ?PDO $pdo = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private PDOFactoryFactory $pdoFactoryFactory,
+        private DBALConnectionFactoryFactory $dbalConnectionFactoryFactory,
+        private ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider,
+        private DetailsProviderFactory $detailsProviderFactory,
+        private DatabaseParamsFactory $databaseParamsFactory
+    ) {}
+
+    public function getDbalConnection(): DbalConnection
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->dbalConnection)) {
+            $this->dbalConnection = $this->createDbalConnection();
+        }
+
+        return $this->dbalConnection;
+    }
+
+    public function getPDO(): PDO
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->pdo)) {
+            $this->pdo = $this->createPDO();
+        }
+
+        return $this->pdo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with another PDO connection.
+     */
+    public function withPDO(PDO $pdo): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->pdo = $pdo;
+        $obj->dbalConnection = null;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a PDO connection.
+     */
+    public function createPDO(?DatabaseParams $params = null): PDO
+    {
+        $params = $params ?? $this->databaseParamsFactory->create();
+
+        return $this->pdoFactoryFactory
+            ->create($params->getPlatform() ?? '')
+            ->create($params);
+    }
+
+    private function createDbalConnection(): DbalConnection
+    {
+        $params = $this->databaseParamsFactory->create();
+
+        $platform = $params->getPlatform();
+
+        if (!$platform) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No database platform.");
+        }
+
+        return $this->dbalConnectionFactoryFactory
+            ->create($platform, $this->getPDO())
+            ->create($params);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a database type (MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL).
+     */
+    public function getType(): string
+    {
+        return $this->createDetailsProvider()->getType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a database version.
+     */
+    public function getVersion(): string
+    {
+        return $this->createDetailsProvider()->getVersion();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a database parameter.
+     */
+    public function getParam(string $name): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->createDetailsProvider()->getParam($name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a database server version string.
+     */
+    public function getServerVersion(): string
+    {
+        return $this->createDetailsProvider()->getServerVersion();
+    }
+
+    private function createDetailsProvider(): DetailsProvider
+    {
+        $platform = $this->configDataProvider->getPlatform();
+
+        return $this->detailsProviderFactory->create($platform, $this->getPDO());
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/MetadataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+
+class MetadataProvider
+{
+    private const DEFAULT_ID_LENGTH = 24;
+    private const DEFAULT_ID_DB_TYPE = Types::STRING;
+
+    public function __construct(private Metadata $metadata)
+    {}
+
+    public function getIdLength(): int
+    {
+        return $this->metadata->get(['app', 'recordId', 'length']) ??
+            self::DEFAULT_ID_LENGTH;
+    }
+
+    public function getIdDbType(): string
+    {
+        return $this->metadata->get(['app', 'recordId', 'dbType']) ??
+            self::DEFAULT_ID_DB_TYPE;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/Defs/AttributeDefs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable.
+ */
+class AttributeDefs
+{
+    /** @var array<string, mixed> */
+    private array $params = [];
+
+    private function __construct(private string $name) {}
+
+    public static function create(string $name): self
+    {
+        return new self($name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an attribute name.
+     */
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a type.
+     *
+     * @return AttributeType::*
+     */
+    public function getType(): ?string
+    {
+        /** @var ?AttributeType::* $value */
+        $value = $this->getParam(AttributeParam::TYPE);
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a type.
+     *
+     * @param AttributeType::* $type
+     */
+    public function withType(string $type): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(AttributeParam::TYPE, $type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a DB type.
+     */
+    public function withDbType(string $dbType): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(AttributeParam::DB_TYPE, $dbType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with not-storable.
+     */
+    public function withNotStorable(bool $value = true): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE, $value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a length.
+     */
+    public function withLength(int $length): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(AttributeParam::LEN, $length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a default value.
+     */
+    public function withDefault(mixed $value): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(AttributeParam::DEFAULT, $value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether a parameter is set.
+     */
+    public function hasParam(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return array_key_exists($name, $this->params);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a parameter value.
+     */
+    public function getParam(string $name): mixed
+    {
+        return $this->params[$name] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a parameter.
+     */
+    public function withParam(string $name, mixed $value): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->params[$name] = $value;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone without a parameter.
+     */
+    public function withoutParam(string $name): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->params[$name]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with parameters merged.
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $params
+     */
+    public function withParamsMerged(array $params): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $params */
+        $params = Util::merge($this->params, $params);
+
+        $obj->params = $params;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To an associative array.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function toAssoc(): array
+    {
+        return $this->params;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/Defs/EntityDefs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\EntityParam;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable.
+ */
+class EntityDefs
+{
+    /** @var array<string, AttributeDefs> */
+    private array $attributes = [];
+    /** @var array<string, RelationDefs> */
+    private array $relations = [];
+    /** @var array<string, IndexDefs> */
+    private array $indexes = [];
+
+    private function __construct() {}
+
+    public static function create(): self
+    {
+        return new self();
+    }
+
+    public function withAttribute(AttributeDefs $attributeDefs): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->attributes[$attributeDefs->getName()] = $attributeDefs;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withRelation(RelationDefs $relationDefs): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->relations[$relationDefs->getName()] = $relationDefs;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withIndex(IndexDefs $index): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->indexes[$index->getName()] = $index;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withoutAttribute(string $name): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->attributes[$name]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withoutRelation(string $name): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->relations[$name]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withoutIndex(string $name): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->indexes[$name]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function getAttribute(string $name): ?AttributeDefs
+    {
+        return $this->attributes[$name] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    public function getRelation(string $name): ?RelationDefs
+    {
+        return $this->relations[$name] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    public function getIndex(string $name): ?IndexDefs
+    {
+        return $this->indexes[$name] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array<string, mixed>>
+     */
+    public function toAssoc(): array
+    {
+        $data = [];
+
+        if (count($this->attributes)) {
+            $attributesData = [];
+
+            foreach ($this->attributes as $name => $attributeDefs) {
+                $attributesData[$name] = $attributeDefs->toAssoc();
+            }
+
+            $data[EntityParam::ATTRIBUTES] = $attributesData;
+        }
+
+        if (count($this->relations)) {
+            $relationsData = [];
+
+            foreach ($this->relations as $name => $relationDefs) {
+                $relationsData[$name] = $relationDefs->toAssoc();
+            }
+
+            $data[EntityParam::RELATIONS] = $relationsData;
+        }
+
+        if (count($this->indexes)) {
+            $indexesData = [];
+
+            foreach ($this->indexes as $name => $indexDefs) {
+                $indexesData[$name] = $indexDefs->toAssoc();
+            }
+
+            $data[EntityParam::INDEXES] = $indexesData;
+        }
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/Defs/IndexDefs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\IndexParam;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable.
+ */
+class IndexDefs
+{
+    /** @var array<string, mixed> */
+    private array $params = [];
+
+    private function __construct(private string $name) {}
+
+    public static function create(string $name): self
+    {
+        return new self($name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a relation name.
+     */
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether a parameter is set.
+     */
+    public function hasParam(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return array_key_exists($name, $this->params);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a parameter value.
+     */
+    public function getParam(string $name): mixed
+    {
+        return $this->params[$name] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a parameter.
+     */
+    public function withParam(string $name, mixed $value): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->params[$name] = $value;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone without a parameter.
+     */
+    public function withoutParam(string $name): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->params[$name]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withUnique(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->params[IndexParam::TYPE] = 'unique';
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withoutUnique(): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->params[IndexParam::TYPE]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withFlag(string $flag): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        $flags = $obj->params[IndexParam::FLAGS] ?? [];
+
+        if (!in_array($flag, $flags)) {
+            $flags[] = $flag;
+        }
+
+        $obj->params[IndexParam::FLAGS] = $flags;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withoutFlag(string $flag): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        $flags = $obj->params[IndexParam::FLAGS] ?? [];
+
+        $index = array_search($flag, $flags, true);
+
+        if ($index !== -1) {
+            unset($flags[$index]);
+            $flags = array_values($flags);
+        }
+
+        $obj->params[IndexParam::FLAGS] = $flags;
+
+        if ($flags === []) {
+            unset($obj->params[IndexParam::FLAGS]);
+        }
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with parameters merged.
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $params
+     */
+    public function withParamsMerged(array $params): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $params */
+        $params = Util::merge($this->params, $params);
+
+        $obj->params = $params;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To an associative array.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function toAssoc(): array
+    {
+        return $this->params;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/Defs/RelationDefs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class RelationDefs
+{
+    /** @var array<string, mixed> */
+    private array $params = [];
+
+    private function __construct(private string $name) {}
+
+    public static function create(string $name): self
+    {
+        return new self($name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a relation name.
+     */
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a type.
+     *
+     * @return RelationType::*
+     */
+    public function getType(): ?string
+    {
+        /** @var ?RelationType::* */
+        return $this->getParam(RelationParam::TYPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a type.
+     *
+     * @param RelationType::* $type
+     */
+    public function withType(string $type): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::TYPE, $type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a foreign entity type.
+     */
+    public function withForeignEntityType(string $entityType): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::ENTITY, $entityType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a foreign entity type.
+     */
+    public function getForeignEntityType(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->getParam(RelationParam::ENTITY);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a foreign relation name.
+     */
+    public function withForeignRelationName(?string $name): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::FOREIGN, $name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a foreign relation name.
+     */
+    public function getForeignRelationName(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->getParam(RelationParam::FOREIGN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a relationship name.
+     */
+    public function withRelationshipName(string $name): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::RELATION_NAME, $name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a foreign relation name.
+     */
+    public function getRelationshipName(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->getParam(RelationParam::RELATION_NAME);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a key.
+     */
+    public function withKey(string $key): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::KEY, $key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a key.
+     */
+    public function getKey(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->getParam(RelationParam::KEY);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a key.
+     */
+    public function withForeignKey(string $foreignKey): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::FOREIGN_KEY, $foreignKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a key.
+     */
+    public function getForeignKey(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->getParam(RelationParam::FOREIGN_KEY);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with middle keys.
+     */
+    public function withMidKeys(string $midKey, string $foreignMidKey): self
+    {
+        return $this->withParam(RelationParam::MID_KEYS, [$midKey, $foreignMidKey]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether a parameter is set.
+     */
+    public function hasParam(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return array_key_exists($name, $this->params);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a parameter value.
+     */
+    public function getParam(string $name): mixed
+    {
+        return $this->params[$name] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with a parameter.
+     */
+    public function withParam(string $name, mixed $value): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->params[$name] = $value;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone without a parameter.
+     */
+    public function withoutParam(string $name): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        unset($obj->params[$name]);
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with conditions. Conditions are used for relationships that share a same middle table.
+     *
+     * @param array<string, scalar|(array<int, mixed>)|null> $conditions
+     */
+    public function withConditions(array $conditions): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        return $obj->withParam(RelationParam::CONDITIONS, $conditions);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with an additional middle table column.
+     */
+    public function withAdditionalColumn(AttributeDefs $attributeDefs): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> $list */
+        $list = $obj->getParam(RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS) ?? [];
+
+        $list[$attributeDefs->getName()] = $attributeDefs->toAssoc();
+
+        return $obj->withParam(RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS, $list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone with parameters merged.
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $params
+     */
+    public function withParamsMerged(array $params): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $params */
+        $params = Util::merge($this->params, $params);
+
+        $obj->params = $params;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To an associative array.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function toAssoc(): array
+    {
+        return $this->params;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverter.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+
+/**
+ * Converts field definitions to ORM definitions.
+ */
+interface FieldConverter
+{
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/AttachmentMultiple.php

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Name\Field;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Defs\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Order;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+class AttachmentMultiple implements FieldConverter
+{
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Ids')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParamsMerged([
+                        'orderBy' => [
+                            [Field::CREATED_AT, Order::ASC],
+                            [Field::NAME, Order::ASC],
+                        ],
+                        AttributeParam::IS_LINK_MULTIPLE_ID_LIST => true,
+                        'relation' => $name,
+                    ])
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Names')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParamsMerged([
+                        AttributeParam::IS_LINK_MULTIPLE_NAME_MAP => true,
+                    ])
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/Currency.php

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Currency\ConfigDataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\FieldParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Query\Part\Expression as Expr;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+class Currency implements FieldConverter
+{
+    private const DEFAULT_PRECISION = 13;
+    private const DEFAULT_SCALE = 4;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Config $config,
+        private ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider
+    ) {}
+
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $amountDefs = AttributeDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FLOAT)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'attributeRole' => 'value',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::CURRENCY,
+            ]);
+
+        $currencyDefs = AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Currency')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'attributeRole' => 'currency',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::CURRENCY,
+            ]);
+
+        $convertedDefs = null;
+
+        if ($fieldDefs->getParam(FieldParam::DECIMAL)) {
+            $dbType = $fieldDefs->getParam(FieldParam::DB_TYPE) ?? Types::DECIMAL;
+            $precision = $fieldDefs->getParam(FieldParam::PRECISION) ?? self::DEFAULT_PRECISION;
+            $scale = $fieldDefs->getParam(FieldParam::SCALE) ?? self::DEFAULT_SCALE;
+
+            $amountDefs = $amountDefs
+                ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                ->withDbType($dbType)
+                ->withParam(AttributeParam::PRECISION, $precision)
+                ->withParam(AttributeParam::SCALE, $scale);
+
+            $defaultValue = $fieldDefs->getParam(AttributeParam::DEFAULT);
+
+            if (is_int($defaultValue) || is_float($defaultValue)) {
+                $defaultValue = number_format($defaultValue, $scale, '.', '');
+
+                $amountDefs = $amountDefs->withParam(AttributeParam::DEFAULT, $defaultValue);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($fieldDefs->isNotStorable()) {
+            $amountDefs = $amountDefs->withNotStorable();
+            $currencyDefs = $currencyDefs->withNotStorable();
+        }
+
+        if (!$fieldDefs->isNotStorable()) {
+            [$amountDefs, $convertedDefs] = $this->config->get('currencyNoJoinMode') ?
+                $this->applyNoJoinMode($fieldDefs, $amountDefs) :
+                $this->applyJoinMode($fieldDefs, $amountDefs, $entityType);
+        }
+
+        $entityDefs = EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($amountDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($currencyDefs);
+
+        if ($convertedDefs) {
+            $entityDefs = $entityDefs->withAttribute($convertedDefs);
+        }
+
+        return $entityDefs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array{AttributeDefs, AttributeDefs}
+     */
+    private function applyNoJoinMode(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, AttributeDefs $amountDefs): array
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $currencyAttribute = $name . 'Currency';
+
+        $defaultCurrency = $this->configDataProvider->getDefaultCurrency();
+        $baseCurrency = $this->configDataProvider->getBaseCurrency();
+        $rates = $this->configDataProvider->getCurrencyRates()->toAssoc();
+
+        if ($defaultCurrency !== $baseCurrency) {
+            $rates = $this->exchangeRates($baseCurrency, $defaultCurrency, $rates);
+        }
+
+        $expr = Expr::multiply(
+            Expr::column($name),
+            Expr::if(
+                Expr::equal(Expr::column($currencyAttribute), $defaultCurrency),
+                1.0,
+                $this->buildExpression($currencyAttribute, $rates)
+            )
+        )->getValue();
+
+        $exprForeign = Expr::multiply(
+            Expr::column("ALIAS.{$name}"),
+            Expr::if(
+                Expr::equal(Expr::column("ALIAS.{$name}Currency"), $defaultCurrency),
+                1.0,
+                $this->buildExpression("ALIAS.{$name}Currency", $rates)
+            )
+        )->getValue();
+
+        $exprForeign = str_replace('ALIAS', '{alias}', $exprForeign);
+
+        $convertedDefs = AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Converted')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FLOAT)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'select' => [
+                    'select' => $expr,
+                ],
+                'selectForeign' => [
+                    'select' => $exprForeign,
+                ],
+                'where' => [
+                    "=" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '=' => '{value}',
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    ">" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '>' => '{value}',
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    "<" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '<' => '{value}',
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    ">=" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '>=' => '{value}',
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    "<=" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '<=' => '{value}',
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    "<>" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '!=' => '{value}',
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    "IS NULL" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '=' => null,
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    "IS NOT NULL" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            $expr . '!=' => null,
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE => true,
+                'order' => [
+                    'order' => [
+                        [$expr, '{direction}'],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'attributeRole' => 'valueConverted',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::CURRENCY,
+            ]);
+
+        return [$amountDefs, $convertedDefs];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, float> $currencyRates
+     * @return array<string, float>
+     */
+    private function exchangeRates(string $baseCurrency, string $defaultCurrency, array $currencyRates): array
+    {
+        $precision = 5;
+        $defaultCurrencyRate = round(1 / $currencyRates[$defaultCurrency], $precision);
+
+        $exchangedRates = [];
+        $exchangedRates[$baseCurrency] = $defaultCurrencyRate;
+
+        unset($currencyRates[$baseCurrency], $currencyRates[$defaultCurrency]);
+
+        foreach ($currencyRates as $currencyName => $rate) {
+            $exchangedRates[$currencyName] = round($rate * $defaultCurrencyRate, $precision);
+        }
+
+        return $exchangedRates;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, float> $rates
+     */
+    private function buildExpression(string $currencyAttribute, array $rates): Expr|float
+    {
+        if ($rates === []) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        $currency = array_key_first($rates);
+        $value = $rates[$currency];
+        unset($rates[$currency]);
+
+        return Expr::if(
+            Expr::equal(Expr::column($currencyAttribute), $currency),
+            $value,
+            $this->buildExpression($currencyAttribute, $rates)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array{AttributeDefs, AttributeDefs}
+     */
+    private function applyJoinMode(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, AttributeDefs $amountDefs, string $entityType): array
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $alias = $name . 'CurrencyRate';
+        $leftJoins = [
+            [
+                'Currency',
+                $alias,
+                [$alias . '.id:' => $name . 'Currency'],
+            ]
+        ];
+        $foreignCurrencyAlias = "{$alias}{$entityType}{alias}Foreign";
+        $mulExpression = "MUL:({$name}, {$alias}.rate)";
+
+        $amountDefs = $amountDefs->withParamsMerged([
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    [$mulExpression, '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                'additionalSelect' => ["{$alias}.rate"],
+            ]
+        ]);
+
+        $convertedDefs = AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Converted')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FLOAT)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'select' => [
+                    'select' => $mulExpression,
+                    'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                ],
+                'selectForeign' => [
+                    'select' => "MUL:({alias}.{$name}, {$foreignCurrencyAlias}.rate)",
+                    'leftJoins' => [
+                        [
+                            'Currency',
+                            $foreignCurrencyAlias,
+                            [$foreignCurrencyAlias . '.id:' => "{alias}.{$name}Currency"]
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'where' => [
+                    "=" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$mulExpression . '=' => '{value}'],
+                        'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    ],
+                    ">" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$mulExpression . '>' => '{value}'],
+                        'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    ],
+                    "<" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$mulExpression . '<' => '{value}'],
+                        'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    ],
+                    ">=" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$mulExpression . '>=' => '{value}'],
+                        'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    ],
+                    "<=" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$mulExpression . '<=' => '{value}'],
+                        'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    ],
+                    "<>" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$mulExpression . '!=' => '{value}'],
+                        'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    ],
+                    "IS NULL" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$name . '=' => null],
+                    ],
+                    "IS NOT NULL" => [
+                        'whereClause' => [$name . '!=' => null],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE => true,
+                'order' => [
+                    'order' => [
+                        [$mulExpression, '{direction}'],
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => $leftJoins,
+                    'additionalSelect' => ["{$alias}.rate"],
+                ],
+                'attributeRole' => 'valueConverted',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::CURRENCY,
+            ]);
+
+        return [$amountDefs, $convertedDefs];
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/Email.php

@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Defs\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\EmailAddress;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class Email implements FieldConverter
+{
+    private const COLUMN_ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $foreignJoinAlias = "$name$entityType{alias}Foreign";
+        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias = "$name$entityType{alias}ForeignMiddle";
+
+        $emailAddressDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getEmailAddressParams($entityType, $foreignJoinAlias, $foreignJoinMiddleAlias)
+            );
+
+        $dataDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'Data')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                AttributeParam::NOT_EXPORTABLE => true,
+                'isEmailAddressData' => true,
+                'field' => $name,
+            ]);
+
+        $isOptedOutDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'IsOptedOut')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::BOOL)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getIsOptedOutParams($foreignJoinAlias, $foreignJoinMiddleAlias)
+            );
+
+        $isInvalidDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'IsInvalid')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::BOOL)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getIsInvalidParams($foreignJoinAlias, $foreignJoinMiddleAlias)
+            );
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs
+            ::create('emailAddresses')
+            ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+            ->withForeignEntityType(EmailAddress::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->withRelationshipName('entityEmailAddress')
+            ->withMidKeys('entityId', 'emailAddressId')
+            ->withConditions(['entityType' => $entityType])
+            ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                AttributeDefs
+                    ::create('entityType')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                    ->withLength(self::COLUMN_ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH)
+            )
+            ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                AttributeDefs
+                    ::create('primary')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::BOOL)
+                    ->withDefault(false)
+            );
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($emailAddressDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($dataDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($isOptedOutDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($isInvalidDefs)
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getEmailAddressParams(
+        string $entityType,
+        string $foreignJoinAlias,
+        string $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+    ): array {
+
+        return [
+            'select' => [
+                "select" => "emailAddresses.name",
+                'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+            ],
+            'selectForeign' => [
+                "select" => "$foreignJoinAlias.name",
+                'leftJoins' => [
+                    [
+                        'EntityEmailAddress',
+                        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.entityId:" => "{alias}.id",
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.primary" => true,
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        EmailAddress::ENTITY_TYPE,
+                        $foreignJoinAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.id:" => "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.emailAddressId",
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+            ],
+            'fieldType' => FieldType::EMAIL,
+            'where' => [
+                'LIKE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityEmailAddress',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    [
+                                        'emailAddress.id:' => 'emailAddressId',
+                                        'emailAddress.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ]
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                "LIKE:(emailAddress.lower, LOWER:({value})):" => null,
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'NOT LIKE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityEmailAddress',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    [
+                                        'emailAddress.id:' => 'emailAddressId',
+                                        'emailAddress.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ]
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                "LIKE:(emailAddress.lower, LOWER:({value})):" => null,
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                '=' => [
+                    'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddressesMultiple']],
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        "EQUAL:(emailAddressesMultiple.lower, LOWER:({value})):" => null,
+                    ]
+                ],
+                '<>' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityEmailAddress',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    [
+                                        'emailAddress.id:' => 'emailAddressId',
+                                        'emailAddress.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ]
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                "EQUAL:(emailAddress.lower, LOWER:({value})):" => null,
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'IN' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityEmailAddress',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    [
+                                        'emailAddress.id:' => 'emailAddressId',
+                                        'emailAddress.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ]
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                "emailAddress.lower" => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'NOT IN' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityEmailAddress',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    'emailAddress',
+                                    [
+                                        'emailAddress.id:' => 'emailAddressId',
+                                        'emailAddress.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ]
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                "emailAddress.lower" => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'IS NULL' => [
+                    'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddressesMultiple']],
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'emailAddressesMultiple.lower=' => null,
+                    ]
+                ],
+                'IS NOT NULL' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityEmailAddress',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ],
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    ['emailAddresses.lower', '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                'additionalSelect' => ['emailAddresses.lower'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getIsOptedOutParams(string $foreignJoinAlias, string $foreignJoinMiddleAlias): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'select' => [
+                'select' => "emailAddresses.optOut",
+                'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+            ],
+            'selectForeign' => [
+                'select' => "$foreignJoinAlias.optOut",
+                'leftJoins' => [
+                    [
+                        'EntityEmailAddress',
+                        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.entityId:" => "{alias}.id",
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.primary" => true,
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        EmailAddress::ENTITY_TYPE,
+                        $foreignJoinAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.id:" => "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.emailAddressId",
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+            ],
+            'where' => [
+                '= TRUE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        ['emailAddresses.optOut=' => true],
+                        ['emailAddresses.optOut!=' => null],
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ],
+                '= FALSE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'OR' => [
+                            ['emailAddresses.optOut=' => false],
+                            ['emailAddresses.optOut=' => null],
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ]
+            ],
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    ['emailAddresses.optOut', '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                'additionalSelect' => ['emailAddresses.optOut'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getIsInvalidParams(string $foreignJoinAlias, string $foreignJoinMiddleAlias): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'select' => [
+                'select' => "emailAddresses.invalid",
+                'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+            ],
+            'selectForeign' => [
+                'select' => "$foreignJoinAlias.invalid",
+                'leftJoins' => [
+                    [
+                        'EntityEmailAddress',
+                        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.entityId:" => "{alias}.id",
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.primary" => true,
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        EmailAddress::ENTITY_TYPE,
+                        $foreignJoinAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.id:" => "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.emailAddressId",
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+            ],
+            'where' => [
+                '= TRUE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        ['emailAddresses.invalid=' => true],
+                        ['emailAddresses.invalid!=' => null],
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ],
+                '= FALSE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'OR' => [
+                            ['emailAddresses.invalid=' => false],
+                            ['emailAddresses.invalid=' => null],
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ]
+            ],
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    ['emailAddresses.invalid', '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => [['emailAddresses', 'emailAddresses', ['primary' => true]]],
+                'additionalSelect' => ['emailAddresses.invalid'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/File.php

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Name\Field;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\Attachment;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class File implements FieldConverter
+{
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $idName = $name . 'Id';
+        $nameName = $name . 'Name';
+
+        $idDefs = AttributeDefs::create($idName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID)
+            ->withParam('index', false);
+
+        $nameDefs = AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN);
+
+        if ($fieldDefs->isNotStorable()) {
+            $idDefs = $idDefs->withNotStorable();
+
+            $nameDefs = $nameDefs->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR);
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $defaults */
+        $defaults = $fieldDefs->getParam('defaultAttributes') ?? [];
+
+        if (array_key_exists($idName, $defaults)) {
+            $idDefs = $idDefs->withDefault($defaults[$idName]);
+        }
+
+        $relationDefs = null;
+
+        if (!$fieldDefs->isNotStorable()) {
+            $nameDefs = $nameDefs->withParamsMerged([
+                AttributeParam::RELATION => $name,
+                AttributeParam::FOREIGN => Field::NAME,
+            ]);
+
+            $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+                ->withType(RelationType::BELONGS_TO)
+                ->withForeignEntityType(Attachment::ENTITY_TYPE)
+                ->withKey($idName)
+                ->withForeignKey(Attribute::ID)
+                ->withParam(RelationParam::FOREIGN, null);
+        }
+
+        $entityDefs = EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($nameDefs);
+
+        if ($relationDefs) {
+            $entityDefs = $entityDefs->withRelation($relationDefs);
+        }
+
+        return $entityDefs;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/Link.php

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+class Link implements FieldConverter
+{
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $idName = $name . 'Id';
+        $nameName = $name . 'Name';
+
+        $idDefs = AttributeDefs::create($idName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'index' => $name,
+                'attributeRole' => 'id',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK,
+            ]);
+
+        $nameDefs = AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'attributeRole' => 'name',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK,
+            ]);
+
+        if ($fieldDefs->isNotStorable()) {
+            $idDefs = $idDefs->withNotStorable();
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $defaults */
+        $defaults = $fieldDefs->getParam('defaultAttributes') ?? [];
+
+        if (array_key_exists($idName, $defaults)) {
+            $idDefs = $idDefs->withDefault($defaults[$idName]);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($nameDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/LinkMultiple.php

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Defs\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+class LinkMultiple implements FieldConverter
+{
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $idsName = $name . 'Ids';
+        $namesName = $name . 'Names';
+        $columnsName = $name . 'Columns';
+
+        $idsDefs = AttributeDefs::create($idsName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                AttributeParam::IS_LINK_MULTIPLE_ID_LIST => true,
+                'relation' => $name,
+                'isUnordered' => true,
+                'attributeRole' => 'idList',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_MULTIPLE,
+            ]);
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $defaults */
+        $defaults = $fieldDefs->getParam('defaultAttributes') ?? [];
+
+        if (array_key_exists($idsName, $defaults)) {
+            $idsDefs = $idsDefs->withDefault($defaults[$idsName]);
+        }
+
+        $namesDefs = AttributeDefs::create($namesName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                AttributeParam::IS_LINK_MULTIPLE_NAME_MAP => true,
+                'attributeRole' => 'nameMap',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_MULTIPLE,
+            ]);
+
+        $orderBy = $fieldDefs->getParam('orderBy');
+        $orderDirection = $fieldDefs->getParam('orderDirection');
+
+        if ($orderBy) {
+            $idsDefs = $idsDefs->withParam('orderBy', $orderBy);
+
+            if ($orderDirection !== null) {
+                $idsDefs = $idsDefs->withParam('orderDirection', $orderDirection);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $columns = $fieldDefs->getParam('columns');
+
+        $columnsDefs = $columns ?
+            AttributeDefs::create($columnsName)
+                ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                ->withNotStorable()
+                ->withParamsMerged([
+                    'columns' => $columns,
+                    'attributeRole' => 'columnsMap',
+                ])
+            : null;
+
+        $entityDefs = EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idsDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($namesDefs);
+
+        if ($columnsDefs) {
+            $entityDefs = $entityDefs->withAttribute($columnsDefs);
+        }
+
+        return $entityDefs;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/LinkOne.php

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+class LinkOne implements FieldConverter
+{
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Id')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParamsMerged([
+                        'attributeRole' => 'id',
+                        'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_ONE,
+                    ])
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Name')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParamsMerged([
+                        'attributeRole' => 'name',
+                        'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_ONE,
+                    ])
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/LinkParent.php

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+class LinkParent implements FieldConverter
+{
+    private const TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $idName = $name . 'Id';
+        $typeName = $name . 'Type';
+        $nameName = $name . 'Name';
+
+        $idDefs = AttributeDefs::create($idName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'index' => $name,
+                'attributeRole' => 'id',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_PARENT,
+            ]);
+
+        $typeDefs = AttributeDefs::create($typeName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_TYPE)
+            ->withParam(AttributeParam::NOT_NULL, false)
+            ->withParam('index', $name)
+            ->withLength(self::TYPE_LENGTH)
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'attributeRole' => 'type',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_PARENT,
+            ]);
+
+        $nameDefs = AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                AttributeParam::RELATION => $name,
+                'isParentName' => true,
+                'attributeRole' => 'name',
+                'fieldType' => FieldType::LINK_PARENT,
+            ]);
+
+        if ($fieldDefs->isNotStorable()) {
+            $idDefs = $idDefs->withNotStorable();
+            $typeDefs = $typeDefs->withNotStorable();
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $defaults */
+        $defaults = $fieldDefs->getParam('defaultAttributes') ?? [];
+
+        if (array_key_exists($idName, $defaults)) {
+            $idDefs = $idDefs->withDefault($defaults[$idName]);
+        }
+
+        if (array_key_exists($typeName, $defaults)) {
+            $typeDefs = $idDefs->withDefault($defaults[$typeName]);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($typeDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($nameDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/PersonName.php

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\FieldParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+/**
+ * @noinspection PhpUnused
+ */
+class PersonName implements FieldConverter
+{
+    private const FORMAT_LAST_FIRST = 'lastFirst';
+    private const FORMAT_LAST_FIRST_MIDDLE = 'lastFirstMiddle';
+    private const FORMAT_FIRST_MIDDLE_LAST = 'firstMiddleLast';
+
+    public function __construct(private Config $config) {}
+
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $format = $this->config->get('personNameFormat');
+
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+        $firstName = 'first' . ucfirst($name);
+        $lastName = 'last' . ucfirst($name);
+        $middleName = 'middle' . ucfirst($name);
+
+        $subList = match ($format) {
+            self::FORMAT_LAST_FIRST => [$lastName, ' ', $firstName],
+            self::FORMAT_LAST_FIRST_MIDDLE => [$lastName, ' ', $firstName, ' ', $middleName],
+            self::FORMAT_FIRST_MIDDLE_LAST => [$firstName, ' ', $middleName, ' ', $lastName],
+            default => [$firstName, ' ', $lastName],
+        };
+
+        if (
+            $format === self::FORMAT_LAST_FIRST_MIDDLE ||
+            $format === self::FORMAT_LAST_FIRST
+        ) {
+            $orderBy1Field = $lastName;
+            $orderBy2Field = $firstName;
+        } else {
+            $orderBy1Field = $firstName;
+            $orderBy2Field = $lastName;
+        }
+
+        $fullList = [];
+        $whereItems = [];
+
+        foreach ($subList as $subFieldName) {
+            $fieldNameTrimmed = trim($subFieldName);
+
+            if (empty($fieldNameTrimmed)) {
+                $fullList[] = "'" . $subFieldName . "'";
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $fullList[] = $fieldNameTrimmed;
+            $whereItems[] = $fieldNameTrimmed;
+        }
+
+        $whereItems[] = "CONCAT:($firstName, ' ', $lastName)";
+        $whereItems[] = "CONCAT:($lastName, ' ', $firstName)";
+
+        if ($format === self::FORMAT_FIRST_MIDDLE_LAST) {
+            $whereItems[] = "CONCAT:($firstName, ' ', $middleName, ' ', $lastName)";
+        } else if ($format === self::FORMAT_LAST_FIRST_MIDDLE) {
+            $whereItems[] = "CONCAT:($lastName, ' ', $firstName, ' ', $middleName)";
+        }
+
+        $selectExpression = $this->getSelect($fullList);
+        $selectForeignExpression = $this->getSelect($fullList, '{alias}');
+
+        if (
+            $format === self::FORMAT_FIRST_MIDDLE_LAST ||
+            $format === self::FORMAT_LAST_FIRST_MIDDLE
+        ) {
+            $selectExpression = "REPLACE:($selectExpression, '  ', ' ')";
+            $selectForeignExpression = "REPLACE:($selectForeignExpression, '  ', ' ')";
+        }
+
+        $attributeDefs = AttributeDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                'select' => [
+                    'select' => $selectExpression,
+                ],
+                'selectForeign' => [
+                    'select' => $selectForeignExpression,
+                ],
+                'where' => [
+                    'LIKE' => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            'OR' => array_fill_keys(
+                                array_map(fn ($item) => $item . '*', $whereItems),
+                                '{value}'
+                            ),
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    'NOT LIKE' => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            'AND' => array_fill_keys(
+                                array_map(fn ($item) => $item . '!*', $whereItems),
+                                '{value}'
+                            ),
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                    '=' => [
+                        'whereClause' => [
+                            'OR' => array_fill_keys($whereItems, '{value}'),
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'order' => [
+                    'order' => [
+                        [$orderBy1Field, '{direction}'],
+                        [$orderBy2Field, '{direction}'],
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ]);
+
+        $dependeeAttributeList = $fieldDefs->getParam(FieldParam::DEPENDEE_ATTRIBUTE_LIST);
+
+        if ($dependeeAttributeList) {
+            $attributeDefs = $attributeDefs->withParam(AttributeParam::DEPENDEE_ATTRIBUTE_LIST, $dependeeAttributeList);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($attributeDefs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string[] $fullList
+     */
+    private function getSelect(array $fullList, ?string $alias = null): string
+    {
+        foreach ($fullList as &$item) {
+            $rowItem = trim($item, " '");
+
+            if (empty($rowItem)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($alias) {
+                $item = $alias . '.' . $item;
+            }
+
+            $item = "IFNULL:($item, '')";
+        }
+
+        return "NULLIF:(TRIM:(CONCAT:(" . implode(", ", $fullList) . ")), '')";
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/FieldConverters/Phone.php

@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Defs\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\FieldConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\PhoneNumber;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\FieldDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+/**
+ * @noinspection PhpUnused
+ */
+class Phone implements FieldConverter
+{
+    private const COLUMN_ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(FieldDefs $fieldDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $fieldDefs->getName();
+
+        $foreignJoinAlias = "$name$entityType{alias}Foreign";
+        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias = "$name$entityType{alias}ForeignMiddle";
+
+        $emailAddressDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getPhoneNumberParams($entityType, $foreignJoinAlias, $foreignJoinMiddleAlias)
+            );
+
+        $dataDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'Data')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged([
+                AttributeParam::NOT_EXPORTABLE => true,
+                'isPhoneNumberData' => true,
+                'field' => $name,
+            ]);
+
+        $isOptedOutDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'IsOptedOut')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::BOOL)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getIsOptedOutParams($foreignJoinAlias, $foreignJoinMiddleAlias)
+            );
+
+        $isInvalidDefs = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'IsInvalid')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::BOOL)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getIsInvalidParams($foreignJoinAlias, $foreignJoinMiddleAlias)
+            );
+
+        $numericAttribute = AttributeDefs
+            ::create($name . 'Numeric')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParamsMerged(
+                $this->getNumericParams($entityType)
+            );
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs
+            ::create('phoneNumbers')
+            ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+            ->withForeignEntityType(PhoneNumber::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->withRelationshipName('entityPhoneNumber')
+            ->withMidKeys('entityId', 'phoneNumberId')
+            ->withConditions(['entityType' => $entityType])
+            ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                AttributeDefs
+                    ::create('entityType')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                    ->withLength(self::COLUMN_ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH)
+            )
+            ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                AttributeDefs
+                    ::create('primary')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::BOOL)
+                    ->withDefault(false)
+            );
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($emailAddressDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($dataDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($isOptedOutDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($isInvalidDefs)
+            ->withAttribute($numericAttribute)
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getPhoneNumberParams(
+        string $entityType,
+        string $foreignJoinAlias,
+        string $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+    ): array {
+
+        return [
+            'select' => [
+                "select" => "phoneNumbers.name",
+                'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+            ],
+            'selectForeign' => [
+                "select" => "$foreignJoinAlias.name",
+                'leftJoins' => [
+                    [
+                        'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.entityId:" => "{alias}.id",
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.primary" => true,
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        PhoneNumber::ENTITY_TYPE,
+                        $foreignJoinAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.id:" => "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.phoneNumberId",
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+            ],
+            'fieldType' => FieldType::PHONE,
+            'where' => [
+                'LIKE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.name*' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'NOT LIKE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.name*' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                '=' => [
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbersMultiple']],
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'phoneNumbersMultiple.name=' => '{value}',
+                    ]
+                ],
+                '<>' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.name' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'IN' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.name' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'NOT IN' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.name!=' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'IS NULL' => [
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbersMultiple']],
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'phoneNumbersMultiple.name=' => null,
+                    ]
+                ],
+                'IS NOT NULL' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ],
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    ['phoneNumbers.name', '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                'additionalSelect' => ['phoneNumbers.name'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getIsOptedOutParams(string $foreignJoinAlias, string $foreignJoinMiddleAlias): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'select' => [
+                'select' => 'phoneNumbers.optOut',
+                'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+            ],
+            'selectForeign' => [
+                'select' => "$foreignJoinAlias.optOut",
+                'leftJoins' => [
+                    [
+                        'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.entityId:" => "{alias}.id",
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.primary" => true,
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        PhoneNumber::ENTITY_TYPE,
+                        $foreignJoinAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.id:" => "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.phoneNumberId",
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+            ],
+            'where' => [
+                '= TRUE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        ['phoneNumbers.optOut=' => true],
+                        ['phoneNumbers.optOut!=' => null],
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ],
+                '= FALSE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'OR' => [
+                            ['phoneNumbers.optOut=' => false],
+                            ['phoneNumbers.optOut=' => null],
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ]
+            ],
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    ['phoneNumbers.optOut', '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                'additionalSelect' => ['phoneNumbers.optOut'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getIsInvalidParams(string $foreignJoinAlias, string $foreignJoinMiddleAlias): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'select' => [
+                'select' => 'phoneNumbers.invalid',
+                'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+            ],
+            'selectForeign' => [
+                'select' => "$foreignJoinAlias.invalid",
+                'leftJoins' => [
+                    [
+                        'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                        $foreignJoinMiddleAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.entityId:" => "{alias}.id",
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.primary" => true,
+                            "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    [
+                        PhoneNumber::ENTITY_TYPE,
+                        $foreignJoinAlias,
+                        [
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.id:" => "$foreignJoinMiddleAlias.phoneNumberId",
+                            "$foreignJoinAlias.deleted" => false,
+                        ]
+                    ]
+                ],
+            ],
+            'where' => [
+                '= TRUE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        ['phoneNumbers.invalid=' => true],
+                        ['phoneNumbers.invalid!=' => null],
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ],
+                '= FALSE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'OR' => [
+                            ['phoneNumbers.invalid=' => false],
+                            ['phoneNumbers.invalid=' => null],
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                ]
+            ],
+            'order' => [
+                'order' => [
+                    ['phoneNumbers.invalid', '{direction}'],
+                ],
+                'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbers', ['primary' => true]]],
+                'additionalSelect' => ['phoneNumbers.invalid'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function getNumericParams(string $entityType): array
+    {
+        return [
+            AttributeParam::NOT_EXPORTABLE => true,
+            'where' => [
+                'LIKE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.numeric*' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'NOT LIKE' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ]
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.numeric*' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                '=' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.numeric' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                '<>' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.numeric' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'IN' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.numeric' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'NOT IN' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id!=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'joins' => [
+                                [
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    'phoneNumber',
+                                    [
+                                        'phoneNumber.id:' => 'phoneNumberId',
+                                        'phoneNumber.deleted' => false,
+                                    ],
+                                ],
+                            ],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                                'phoneNumber.numeric' => '{value}',
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+                'IS NULL' => [
+                    'leftJoins' => [['phoneNumbers', 'phoneNumbersMultiple']],
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'phoneNumbersMultiple.numeric=' => null,
+                    ]
+                ],
+                'IS NOT NULL' => [
+                    'whereClause' => [
+                        'id=s' => [
+                            'from' => 'EntityPhoneNumber',
+                            'select' => ['entityId'],
+                            'whereClause' => [
+                                Attribute::DELETED => false,
+                                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                            ],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/IndexHelper.php

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+
+interface IndexHelper
+{
+    /**
+     * Compose an index DB name. Depending on database, the name can be unique, limited by a max length.
+     */
+    public function composeKey(IndexDefs $defs, string $entityType): string;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/IndexHelperFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class IndexHelperFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Metadata $metadata,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(string $platform): IndexHelper
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<IndexHelper> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $platform, 'indexHelperClassName']);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No Index Helper for {$platform}");
+        }
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create($className);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/IndexHelpers/MysqlIndexHelper.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\IndexHelpers;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\IndexHelper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+
+class MysqlIndexHelper implements IndexHelper
+{
+    private const MAX_LENGTH = 60;
+
+    public function composeKey(IndexDefs $defs, string $entityType): string
+    {
+        $name = $defs->getName();
+        $prefix = $defs->isUnique() ? 'UNIQ' : 'IDX';
+
+        $parts = [$prefix, strtoupper(Util::toUnderScore($name))];
+
+        $key = implode('_', $parts);
+
+        return substr($key, 0, self::MAX_LENGTH);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/IndexHelpers/PostgresqlIndexHelper.php

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\IndexHelpers;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\IndexHelper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+
+class PostgresqlIndexHelper implements IndexHelper
+{
+    private const MAX_LENGTH = 59;
+
+    public function composeKey(IndexDefs $defs, string $entityType): string
+    {
+        $name = $defs->getName();
+        $prefix = $defs->isUnique() ? 'UNIQ' : 'IDX';
+
+        $parts = [
+            $prefix,
+            strtoupper(Util::toUnderScore($entityType)),
+            strtoupper(Util::toUnderScore($name)),
+        ];
+
+        $key = implode('_', $parts);
+
+        return self::decreaseLength($key);
+    }
+
+    private static function decreaseLength(string $key): string
+    {
+        if (strlen($key) <= self::MAX_LENGTH) {
+            return $key;
+        }
+
+        $list = explode('_', $key);
+
+        $maxItemLength = 0;
+        foreach ($list as $item) {
+            if (strlen($item) > $maxItemLength) {
+                $maxItemLength = strlen($item);
+            }
+        }
+        $maxItemLength--;
+
+        $list = array_map(
+            fn ($item) => substr($item, 0, min($maxItemLength, strlen($item))),
+            $list
+        );
+
+        $key = implode('_', $list);
+
+        return self::decreaseLength($key);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverter.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+
+/**
+ * Converts link definitions to ORM definitions.
+ */
+interface LinkConverter
+{
+    public function convert(RelationDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/Attachments.php

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use LogicException;
+
+class Attachments implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function __construct(private HasChildren $hasChildren) {}
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+
+        $entityDefs = $this->hasChildren->convert($linkDefs, $entityType);
+
+        $entityDefs = $entityDefs->withAttribute(
+            AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Types')
+                ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                ->withNotStorable()
+        );
+
+        $relationDefs = $entityDefs->getRelation($name);
+
+        if (!$relationDefs) {
+            throw new LogicException();
+        }
+
+        $relationDefs = $relationDefs->withConditions([
+            'OR' => [
+                ['field' => null],
+                ['field' => $name],
+            ]
+        ]);
+
+        return $entityDefs->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/BelongsTo.php

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class BelongsTo implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $foreignEntityType = $linkDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+        $foreignRelationName = $linkDefs->hasForeignRelationName() ? $linkDefs->getForeignRelationName() : null;
+        $noIndex = $linkDefs->getParam('noIndex');
+        $noForeignName = $linkDefs->getParam('noForeignName');
+        $foreignName = $linkDefs->getParam('foreignName') ?? 'name';
+        $noJoin = $linkDefs->getParam(RelationParam::NO_JOIN);
+
+        $idName = $name . 'Id';
+        $nameName = $name . 'Name';
+
+        $idAttributeDefs = AttributeDefs::create($idName)
+            ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID)
+            ->withParam('index', !$noIndex);
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::BELONGS_TO)
+            ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType)
+            ->withKey($idName)
+            ->withForeignKey('id')
+            ->withForeignRelationName($foreignRelationName);
+
+        if ($linkDefs->getParam(RelationParam::DEFERRED_LOAD)) {
+            $relationDefs = $relationDefs->withParam(RelationParam::DEFERRED_LOAD, true);
+        }
+
+        $nameAttributeDefs = !$noForeignName ?
+            (
+                $noJoin ?
+                    AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+                        ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                        ->withNotStorable()
+                        ->withParam(AttributeParam::RELATION, $name)
+                        ->withParam(AttributeParam::FOREIGN, $foreignName) :
+                    AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+                        ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN)
+                        ->withNotStorable() // Used to be false before v7.4.
+                        ->withParam(AttributeParam::RELATION, $name)
+                        ->withParam(AttributeParam::FOREIGN, $foreignName)
+            ) : null;
+
+        $entityDefs = EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idAttributeDefs)
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+
+        if ($nameAttributeDefs) {
+            $entityDefs = $entityDefs->withAttribute($nameAttributeDefs);
+        }
+
+        return $entityDefs;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/BelongsToParent.php

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class BelongsToParent implements LinkConverter
+{
+    private const TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+
+        $foreignRelationName = $linkDefs->hasForeignRelationName() ?
+            $linkDefs->getForeignRelationName() : null;
+
+        $idName = $name . 'Id';
+        $nameName = $name . 'Name';
+        $typeName = $name . 'Type';
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::BELONGS_TO_PARENT)
+            ->withKey($idName)
+            ->withForeignRelationName($foreignRelationName);
+
+        if ($linkDefs->getParam(RelationParam::DEFERRED_LOAD)) {
+            $relationDefs = $relationDefs->withParam(RelationParam::DEFERRED_LOAD, true);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($idName)
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID)
+                    ->withParam('index', $name)
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($typeName)
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::FOREIGN_TYPE)
+                    ->withParam(AttributeParam::NOT_NULL, false) // Revise whether needed.
+                    ->withParam('index', $name)
+                    ->withLength(self::TYPE_LENGTH)
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+            )
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/EmailEmailAddress.php

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\EmailAddress;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class EmailEmailAddress implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function __construct() {}
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $hasField = $linkDefs->getParam('hasField');
+
+        $foreignEntityType = EmailAddress::ENTITY_TYPE;
+
+        $key1 = lcfirst($entityType) . 'Id';
+        $key2 = lcfirst($foreignEntityType) . 'Id';
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+            ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType)
+            ->withKey(Attribute::ID)
+            ->withForeignKey(Attribute::ID)
+            ->withMidKeys($key1, $key2);
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Ids')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField)
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Names')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField)
+            )
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/EntityCollaborator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\User;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+/**
+ * @noinspection PhpUnused
+ */
+class EntityCollaborator implements LinkConverter
+{
+    private const ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $relationshipName = $linkDefs->getRelationshipName();
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withRelation(
+                RelationDefs::create($name)
+                    ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+                    ->withForeignEntityType(User::ENTITY_TYPE)
+                    ->withRelationshipName($relationshipName)
+                    ->withMidKeys('entityId', 'userId')
+                    ->withConditions(['entityType' => $entityType])
+                    ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                        AttributeDefs::create('entityType')
+                            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                            ->withLength(self::ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH)
+                    )
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/EntityTeam.php

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\Team;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class EntityTeam implements LinkConverter
+{
+    private const ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $relationshipName = $linkDefs->getRelationshipName();
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withRelation(
+                RelationDefs::create($name)
+                    ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+                    ->withForeignEntityType(Team::ENTITY_TYPE)
+                    ->withRelationshipName($relationshipName)
+                    ->withMidKeys('entityId', 'teamId')
+                    ->withConditions(['entityType' => $entityType])
+                    ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                        AttributeDefs::create('entityType')
+                            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                            ->withLength(self::ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH)
+                    )
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/EntityUser.php

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\User;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class EntityUser implements LinkConverter
+{
+    private const ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH = 100;
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $relationshipName = $linkDefs->getRelationshipName();
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withRelation(
+                RelationDefs::create($name)
+                    ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+                    ->withForeignEntityType(User::ENTITY_TYPE)
+                    ->withRelationshipName($relationshipName)
+                    ->withMidKeys('entityId', 'userId')
+                    ->withConditions(['entityType' => $entityType])
+                    ->withAdditionalColumn(
+                        AttributeDefs::create('entityType')
+                            ->withType(AttributeType::VARCHAR)
+                            ->withLength(self::ENTITY_TYPE_LENGTH)
+                    )
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/HasChildren.php

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class HasChildren implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $foreignEntityType = $linkDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+        $foreignRelationName = $linkDefs->hasForeignRelationName() ? $linkDefs->getForeignRelationName() : null;
+        $hasField = $linkDefs->getParam('hasField');
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::HAS_CHILDREN)
+            ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType)
+            ->withForeignKey($foreignRelationName . 'Id')
+            ->withParam('foreignType', $foreignRelationName . 'Type')
+            ->withForeignRelationName($foreignRelationName);
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Ids')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField) // Revise. Change to notExportable?
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Names')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField)
+            )
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/HasMany.php

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class HasMany implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function __construct(private Log $log) {}
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $foreignEntityType = $linkDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+        $foreignRelationName = $linkDefs->getForeignRelationName();
+        $hasField = $linkDefs->getParam('hasField');
+
+        $type = RelationType::HAS_MANY;
+
+        /*$type = $linkDefs->hasRelationshipName() ?
+            RelationType::MANY_MANY : // Revise.
+            RelationType::HAS_MANY;*/
+
+        if ($linkDefs->hasRelationshipName()) {
+            $this->log->warning(
+                "Issue with the link '{$name}' in '{$entityType}' entity type. Might be the foreign link " .
+                "'{$foreignRelationName}' in '{$foreignEntityType}' entity type is missing. " .
+                "Remove the problem link manually.");
+
+            return EntityDefs::create();
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Ids')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField) // Revise. Change to notExportable?
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Names')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField)
+            )
+            ->withRelation(
+                RelationDefs::create($name)
+                    ->withType($type)
+                    ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType)
+                    ->withForeignKey($foreignRelationName . 'Id')
+                    ->withForeignRelationName($foreignRelationName)
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/HasOne.php

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class HasOne implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $foreignEntityType = $linkDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+        $foreignRelationName = $linkDefs->hasForeignRelationName() ? $linkDefs->getForeignRelationName() : null;
+        $noForeignName = $linkDefs->getParam('noForeignName');
+        $foreignName = $linkDefs->getParam('foreignName') ?? 'name';
+        $noJoin = $linkDefs->getParam('noJoin');
+
+        $idName = $name . 'Id';
+        $nameName = $name . 'Name';
+
+        $idAttributeDefs = AttributeDefs::create($idName)
+            ->withType($noJoin ? AttributeType::VARCHAR : AttributeType::FOREIGN)
+            ->withNotStorable()
+            ->withParam(AttributeParam::RELATION, $name)
+            ->withParam(AttributeParam::FOREIGN, Attribute::ID);
+
+        $nameAttributeDefs = !$noForeignName ?
+            (
+            AttributeDefs::create($nameName)
+                ->withType($noJoin ? AttributeType::VARCHAR : AttributeType::FOREIGN)
+                ->withNotStorable()
+                ->withParam(AttributeParam::RELATION, $name)
+                ->withParam(AttributeParam::FOREIGN, $foreignName)
+            ) : null;
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::HAS_ONE)
+            ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType);
+
+        if ($foreignRelationName) {
+            $relationDefs = $relationDefs
+                ->withForeignKey($foreignRelationName . 'Id')
+                ->withForeignRelationName($foreignRelationName);
+        }
+
+        $entityDefs = EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idAttributeDefs)
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+
+        if ($nameAttributeDefs) {
+            $entityDefs = $entityDefs->withAttribute($nameAttributeDefs);
+        }
+
+        return $entityDefs;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/ManyMany.php

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class ManyMany implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $foreignEntityType = $linkDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+        $foreignRelationName = $linkDefs->getForeignRelationName();
+        $hasField = $linkDefs->getParam('hasField');
+        $columnAttributeMap = $linkDefs->getParam('columnAttributeMap');
+
+        $relationshipName = $linkDefs->hasRelationshipName() ?
+            $linkDefs->getRelationshipName() :
+            self::composeRelationshipName($entityType, $foreignEntityType);
+
+        if ($linkDefs->hasMidKey() && $linkDefs->hasForeignMidKey()) {
+            $key1 = $linkDefs->getMidKey();
+            $key2 = $linkDefs->getForeignMidKey();
+        } else {
+            $key1 = lcfirst($entityType) . 'Id';
+            $key2 = lcfirst($foreignEntityType) . 'Id';
+
+            if ($key1 === $key2) {
+                [$key1, $key2] = strcmp($name, $foreignRelationName) > 0 ?
+                    ['leftId', 'rightId'] :
+                    ['rightId', 'leftId'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+            ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType)
+            ->withRelationshipName($relationshipName)
+            ->withKey(Attribute::ID)
+            ->withForeignKey(Attribute::ID)
+            ->withMidKeys($key1, $key2)
+            ->withForeignRelationName($foreignRelationName);
+
+        if ($columnAttributeMap) {
+            $relationDefs = $relationDefs->withParam('columnAttributeMap', $columnAttributeMap);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Ids')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField) // Revise.
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Names')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+                    ->withParam('isLinkStub', !$hasField) // Revise.
+            )
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+
+    private static function composeRelationshipName(string $left, string $right): string
+    {
+        $parts = [
+            Util::toCamelCase(lcfirst($left)),
+            Util::toCamelCase(lcfirst($right)),
+        ];
+
+        sort($parts);
+
+        return Util::toCamelCase(implode('_', $parts));
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/LinkConverters/SmsPhoneNumber.php

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverter;
+use Espo\Entities\PhoneNumber;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs as LinkDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+class SmsPhoneNumber implements LinkConverter
+{
+    public function __construct() {}
+
+    public function convert(LinkDefs $linkDefs, string $entityType): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $name = $linkDefs->getName();
+        $foreignEntityType = PhoneNumber::ENTITY_TYPE;
+
+        $key1 = lcfirst($entityType) . 'Id';
+        $key2 = lcfirst($foreignEntityType) . 'Id';
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::create($name)
+            ->withType(RelationType::MANY_MANY)
+            ->withForeignEntityType($foreignEntityType)
+            ->withKey('id')
+            ->withForeignKey('id')
+            ->withMidKeys($key1, $key2);
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Ids')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_ARRAY)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+            )
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create($name . 'Names')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+                    ->withNotStorable()
+            )
+            ->withRelation($relationDefs);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Orm/RelationConverter.php

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters\BelongsTo;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters\BelongsToParent;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters\HasChildren;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters\HasMany;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters\HasOne;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\LinkConverters\ManyMany;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\EntityParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\RelationType;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class RelationConverter
+{
+    private const DEFAULT_VARCHAR_LENGTH = 255;
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private $mergeParams = [
+        RelationParam::RELATION_NAME,
+        RelationParam::CONDITIONS,
+        RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS,
+        'noJoin',
+        RelationParam::INDEXES,
+    ];
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private $manyMergeParams = [
+        RelationParam::ORDER_BY,
+        RelationParam::ORDER,
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Metadata $metadata,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        private Log $log
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $name
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $params
+     * @param string $entityType
+     * @return ?array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public function process(string $name, array $params, string $entityType): ?array
+    {
+        $foreignEntityType = $params[RelationParam::ENTITY] ?? null;
+        $foreignLinkName = $params[RelationParam::FOREIGN] ?? null;
+
+        /** @var ?array<string, mixed> $foreignParams */
+        $foreignParams = $foreignEntityType && $foreignLinkName ?
+            $this->metadata->get(['entityDefs', $foreignEntityType, 'links', $foreignLinkName]) :
+            null;
+
+        /** @var ?string $relationshipName */
+        $relationshipName = $params[RelationParam::RELATION_NAME] ?? null;
+
+        if ($relationshipName) {
+            $relationshipName = lcfirst($relationshipName);
+            $params[RelationParam::RELATION_NAME] = $relationshipName;
+        }
+
+        $linkType = $params[RelationParam::TYPE] ?? null;
+        $foreignLinkType = $foreignParams ? $foreignParams[RelationParam::TYPE] : null;
+
+        if (!$linkType) {
+            $this->log->warning("Link $entityType.$name has no type.");
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $params['hasField'] = (bool) $this->metadata
+            ->get(['entityDefs', $entityType, 'fields', $name]);
+
+        $relationDefs = RelationDefs::fromRaw($params, $name);
+
+        $converter = $this->createLinkConverter($relationshipName, $linkType, $foreignLinkType);
+
+        $convertedEntityDefs = $converter->convert($relationDefs, $entityType);
+
+        $raw = $convertedEntityDefs->toAssoc();
+
+        if (isset($raw[EntityParam::RELATIONS][$name])) {
+            $this->mergeParams($raw[EntityParam::RELATIONS][$name], $params, $foreignParams ?? [], $linkType);
+            $this->correct($raw[EntityParam::RELATIONS][$name]);
+        }
+
+        return [$entityType => $raw];
+    }
+
+    private function createLinkConverter(?string $relationship, string $type, ?string $foreignType): LinkConverter
+    {
+        $className = $this->getLinkConverterClassName($relationship, $type, $foreignType);
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create($className);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return class-string<LinkConverter>
+     */
+    private function getLinkConverterClassName(?string $relationship, string $type, ?string $foreignType): string
+    {
+        if ($relationship) {
+            /** @var class-string<LinkConverter> $className */
+            $className = $this->metadata->get(['app', 'relationships', $relationship, 'converterClassName']);
+
+            if ($className) {
+                return $className;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($type === RelationType::HAS_MANY && $foreignType === RelationType::HAS_MANY) {
+            return ManyMany::class;
+        }
+
+        if ($type === RelationType::HAS_MANY) {
+            return HasMany::class;
+        }
+
+        if ($type === RelationType::HAS_CHILDREN) {
+            return HasChildren::class;
+        }
+
+        if ($type === RelationType::HAS_ONE) {
+            return HasOne::class;
+        }
+
+        if ($type === RelationType::BELONGS_TO) {
+            return BelongsTo::class;
+        }
+
+        if ($type === RelationType::BELONGS_TO_PARENT) {
+            return BelongsToParent::class;
+        }
+
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported link type '$type'.");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $relationDefs
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $params
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $foreignParams
+     */
+    private function mergeParams(array &$relationDefs, array $params, array $foreignParams, string $linkType): void
+    {
+        $mergeParams = $this->mergeParams;
+
+        if (
+            $linkType === RelationType::HAS_MANY ||
+            $linkType === RelationType::HAS_CHILDREN
+        ) {
+            $mergeParams = array_merge($mergeParams, $this->manyMergeParams);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($mergeParams as $name) {
+            $additionalParam = $this->getMergedParam($name, $params, $foreignParams);
+
+            if ($additionalParam === null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $relationDefs[$name] = $additionalParam;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $params
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $foreignParams
+     * @return array<string, mixed>|scalar|null
+     */
+    private function getMergedParam(string $name, array $params, array $foreignParams): mixed
+    {
+        $value = $params[$name] ?? null;
+        $foreignValue = $foreignParams[$name] ?? null;
+
+        if ($value !== null && $foreignValue !== null) {
+            if (!empty($value) && !is_array($value)) {
+                return $value;
+            }
+
+            if (!empty($foreignValue) && !is_array($foreignValue)) {
+                return $foreignValue;
+            }
+
+            /** @var array<int|string, mixed> $value */
+            /** @var array<int|string, mixed> $foreignValue */
+
+            /** @var array<string, mixed> */
+            return Util::merge($value, $foreignValue);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($value)) {
+            return $value;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($foreignValue)) {
+            return $foreignValue;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $relationDefs
+     */
+    private function correct(array &$relationDefs): void
+    {
+        if (
+            isset($relationDefs[RelationParam::ORDER]) &&
+            is_string($relationDefs[RelationParam::ORDER])
+        ) {
+            $relationDefs[RelationParam::ORDER] = strtoupper($relationDefs[RelationParam::ORDER]);
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($relationDefs[RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS])) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> $additionalColumns */
+        $additionalColumns = &$relationDefs[RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS];
+
+        foreach ($additionalColumns as &$columnDefs) {
+            $columnDefs[AttributeParam::TYPE] ??= AttributeType::VARCHAR;
+
+            if (
+                $columnDefs[AttributeParam::TYPE] === AttributeType::VARCHAR &&
+                !isset($columnDefs[AttributeParam::LEN])
+            ) {
+                $columnDefs[AttributeParam::LEN] = self::DEFAULT_VARCHAR_LENGTH;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $relationDefs[RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS] = $additionalColumns;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/Builder.php

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\ConfigDataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\MetadataProvider as MetadataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\EntityParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\RelationParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\RelationDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as DbalSchema;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+/**
+ * Schema representation builder.
+ */
+class Builder
+{
+    private const ATTR_ID = 'id';
+    private const ATTR_DELETED = 'deleted';
+
+    private int $idLength;
+    private string $idDbType;
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private $typeList;
+    private ColumnPreparator $columnPreparator;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Log $log,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider,
+        ColumnPreparatorFactory $columnPreparatorFactory,
+        MetadataProvider $metadataProvider
+    ) {
+        $this->typeList = array_keys(DbalType::getTypesMap());
+
+        $platform = $configDataProvider->getPlatform();
+
+        $this->columnPreparator = $columnPreparatorFactory->create($platform);
+
+        $this->idLength = $metadataProvider->getIdLength();
+        $this->idDbType = $metadataProvider->getIdDbType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build a schema representation for an ORM metadata.
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta Raw ORM metadata.
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList Specific entity types.
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    public function build(array $ormMeta, ?array $entityTypeList = null): DbalSchema
+    {
+        $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder - Start');
+
+        $ormMeta = $this->amendMetadata($ormMeta, $entityTypeList);
+        $tables = [];
+
+        $schema = new DbalSchema();
+
+        foreach ($ormMeta as $entityType => $entityParams) {
+            $entityDefs = EntityDefs::fromRaw($entityParams, $entityType);
+
+            $this->buildEntity($entityDefs, $schema, $tables);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($ormMeta as $entityType => $entityParams) {
+            foreach (($entityParams[EntityParam::RELATIONS] ?? []) as $relationName => $relationParams) {
+                $relationDefs = RelationDefs::fromRaw($relationParams, $relationName);
+
+                if ($relationDefs->getType() !== Entity::MANY_MANY) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $this->buildManyMany($entityType, $relationDefs, $schema, $tables);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder - End');
+
+        return $schema;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, Table> $tables
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function buildEntity(EntityDefs $entityDefs, DbalSchema $schema, array &$tables): void
+    {
+        if ($entityDefs->getParam('skipRebuild')) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $entityType = $entityDefs->getName();
+
+        $modifier = $this->getEntityDefsModifier($entityDefs);
+
+        if ($modifier) {
+            $modifiedEntityDefs = $modifier->modify($entityDefs);
+
+            $entityDefs = EntityDefs::fromRaw($modifiedEntityDefs->toAssoc(), $entityType);
+        }
+
+        $this->log->debug("Schema\Builder: Entity $entityType");
+
+        $tableName = Util::toUnderScore($entityType);
+
+        if ($schema->hasTable($tableName)) {
+            $tables[$entityType] ??= $schema->getTable($tableName);
+
+            $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder: Table [' . $tableName . '] exists.');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $table = $schema->createTable($tableName);
+
+        $tables[$entityType] = $table;
+
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $tableParams */
+        $tableParams = $entityDefs->getParam('params') ?? [];
+
+        foreach ($tableParams as $paramName => $paramValue) {
+            $table->addOption($paramName, $paramValue);
+        }
+
+        $primaryColumns = [];
+
+        foreach ($entityDefs->getAttributeList() as $attributeDefs) {
+            if (
+                $attributeDefs->isNotStorable() ||
+                $attributeDefs->getType() === Entity::FOREIGN
+            ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $column = $this->columnPreparator->prepare($attributeDefs);
+
+            if ($attributeDefs->getType() === Entity::ID) {
+                $primaryColumns[] = $column->getName();
+            }
+
+            if (!in_array($column->getType(), $this->typeList)) {
+                $this->log->warning(
+                    'Schema\Builder: Column type [' . $column->getType() . '] not supported, ' .
+                    $entityType . ':' . $attributeDefs->getName()
+                );
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($table->hasColumn($column->getName())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $this->addColumn($table, $column);
+        }
+
+        $table->setPrimaryKey($primaryColumns);
+
+        $this->addIndexes($table, $entityDefs->getIndexList());
+    }
+
+    private function getEntityDefsModifier(EntityDefs $entityDefs): ?EntityDefsModifier
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<EntityDefsModifier> $modifierClassName */
+        $modifierClassName = $entityDefs->getParam('modifierClassName');
+
+        if (!$modifierClassName) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create($modifierClassName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private function amendMetadata(array $ormMeta, ?array $entityTypeList): array
+    {
+        if (isset($ormMeta['unsetIgnore'])) {
+            $protectedOrmMeta = [];
+
+            foreach ($ormMeta['unsetIgnore'] as $protectedKey) {
+                $protectedOrmMeta = Util::merge(
+                    $protectedOrmMeta,
+                    Util::fillArrayKeys($protectedKey, Util::getValueByKey($ormMeta, $protectedKey))
+                );
+            }
+
+            unset($ormMeta['unsetIgnore']);
+        }
+
+        // Unset some keys.
+        if (isset($ormMeta['unset'])) {
+            /** @var array<string, mixed> $ormMeta */
+            $ormMeta = Util::unsetInArray($ormMeta, $ormMeta['unset']);
+
+            unset($ormMeta['unset']);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($protectedOrmMeta)) {
+            /** @var array<string, mixed> $ormMeta */
+            $ormMeta = Util::merge($ormMeta, $protectedOrmMeta);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($entityTypeList)) {
+            $dependentEntityTypeList = $this->getDependentEntityTypeList($entityTypeList, $ormMeta);
+
+            $this->log->debug(
+                'Schema\Builder: Rebuild for entity types: [' .
+                implode(', ', $entityTypeList) . '] with dependent entity types: [' .
+                implode(', ', $dependentEntityTypeList) . ']'
+            );
+
+            $ormMeta = array_intersect_key($ormMeta, array_flip($dependentEntityTypeList));
+        }
+
+        return $ormMeta;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function addColumn(Table $table, Column $column): void
+    {
+        $table->addColumn(
+            $column->getName(),
+            $column->getType(),
+            self::convertColumn($column)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare a relation table for the manyMany relation.
+     *
+     * @param string $entityType
+     * @param array<string, Table> $tables
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function buildManyMany(
+        string $entityType,
+        RelationDefs $relationDefs,
+        DbalSchema $schema,
+        array &$tables
+    ): void {
+
+        $relationshipName = $relationDefs->getRelationshipName();
+
+        if (isset($tables[$relationshipName])) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $tableName = Util::toUnderScore($relationshipName);
+
+        $this->log->debug("Schema\Builder: ManyMany for $entityType.{$relationDefs->getName()}");
+
+        if ($schema->hasTable($tableName)) {
+            $this->log->debug('Schema\Builder: Table [' . $tableName . '] exists.');
+
+            $tables[$relationshipName] ??= $schema->getTable($tableName);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $table = $schema->createTable($tableName);
+
+        $idColumn = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(
+            AttributeDefs::fromRaw([
+                AttributeParam::DB_TYPE => Types::BIGINT,
+                'type' => Entity::ID,
+                AttributeParam::LEN => 20,
+                'autoincrement' => true,
+            ], self::ATTR_ID)
+        );
+
+        $this->addColumn($table, $idColumn);
+
+        if (!$relationDefs->hasMidKey() || !$relationDefs->getForeignMidKey()) {
+            $this->log->error('Schema\Builder: Relationship midKeys are empty.', [
+                'entityType' => $entityType,
+                'relationName' => $relationDefs->getName(),
+            ]);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $midKeys = [
+            $relationDefs->getMidKey(),
+            $relationDefs->getForeignMidKey(),
+        ];
+
+        foreach ($midKeys as $midKey) {
+            $column = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(
+                AttributeDefs::fromRaw([
+                    'type' => Entity::FOREIGN_ID,
+                    AttributeParam::DB_TYPE => $this->idDbType,
+                    AttributeParam::LEN => $this->idLength,
+                ], $midKey)
+            );
+
+            $this->addColumn($table, $column);
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> $additionalColumns */
+        $additionalColumns = $relationDefs->getParam(RelationParam::ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS) ?? [];
+
+        foreach ($additionalColumns as $fieldName => $fieldParams) {
+            if ($fieldParams['type'] === AttributeType::FOREIGN_ID) {
+                $fieldParams = array_merge([
+                    AttributeParam::DB_TYPE => $this->idDbType,
+                    AttributeParam::LEN => $this->idLength,
+                ], $fieldParams);
+            }
+
+            $column = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(AttributeDefs::fromRaw($fieldParams, $fieldName));
+
+            $this->addColumn($table, $column);
+        }
+
+        $deletedColumn = $this->columnPreparator->prepare(
+            AttributeDefs::fromRaw([
+                'type' => Entity::BOOL,
+                'default' => false,
+            ], self::ATTR_DELETED)
+        );
+
+        $this->addColumn($table, $deletedColumn);
+
+        $table->setPrimaryKey([self::ATTR_ID]);
+
+        $this->addIndexes($table, $relationDefs->getIndexList());
+
+        $tables[$relationshipName] = $table;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param IndexDefs[] $indexDefsList
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    private function addIndexes(Table $table, array $indexDefsList): void
+    {
+        foreach ($indexDefsList as $indexDefs) {
+            $columns = array_map(
+                fn($item) => Util::toUnderScore($item),
+                $indexDefs->getColumnList()
+            );
+
+            if ($indexDefs->isUnique()) {
+                $table->addUniqueIndex($columns, $indexDefs->getKey());
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $table->addIndex($columns, $indexDefs->getKey(), $indexDefs->getFlagList());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @todo Move to a class. Add unit test.
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    private static function convertColumn(Column $column): array
+    {
+        $result = [
+            'notnull' => $column->isNotNull(),
+        ];
+
+        if ($column->getLength() !== null) {
+            $result['length'] = $column->getLength();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getDefault() !== null) {
+            $result['default'] = $column->getDefault();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getAutoincrement() !== null) {
+            $result['autoincrement'] = $column->getAutoincrement();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getPrecision() !== null) {
+            $result['precision'] = $column->getPrecision();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getScale() !== null) {
+            $result['scale'] = $column->getScale();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getUnsigned() !== null) {
+            $result['unsigned'] = $column->getUnsigned();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getFixed() !== null) {
+            $result['fixed'] = $column->getFixed();
+        }
+
+        // Can't use customSchemaOptions as it causes unwanted ALTER TABLE.
+        $result['platformOptions'] = [];
+
+        if ($column->getCollation()) {
+            $result['platformOptions']['collation'] = $column->getCollation();
+        }
+
+        if ($column->getCharset()) {
+            $result['platformOptions']['charset'] = $column->getCharset();
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string[] $entityTypeList
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta
+     * @param string[] $depList
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    private function getDependentEntityTypeList(array $entityTypeList, array $ormMeta, array $depList = []): array
+    {
+        foreach ($entityTypeList as $entityType) {
+            if (in_array($entityType, $depList)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $depList[] = $entityType;
+
+            $entityDefs = EntityDefs::fromRaw($ormMeta[$entityType] ?? [], $entityType);
+
+            foreach ($entityDefs->getRelationList() as $relationDefs) {
+                if (!$relationDefs->hasForeignEntityType()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $itemEntityType = $relationDefs->getForeignEntityType();
+
+                if (in_array($itemEntityType, $depList)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $depList = $this->getDependentEntityTypeList([$itemEntityType], $ormMeta, $depList);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $depList;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/Column.php

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * A DB column parameters.
+ */
+class Column
+{
+    private bool $notNull = false;
+    private ?int $length = null;
+    private mixed $default = null;
+    private ?bool $autoincrement = null;
+    private ?int $precision = null;
+    private ?int $scale = null;
+    private ?bool $unsigned = null;
+    private ?bool $fixed = null;
+    private ?string $collation = null;
+    private ?string $charset = null;
+
+    private function __construct(
+        private string $name,
+        private string $type
+    ) {}
+
+    public static function create(string $name, string $type): self
+    {
+        return new self($name, $type);
+    }
+
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    public function getType(): string
+    {
+        return $this->type;
+    }
+
+    public function isNotNull(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->notNull;
+    }
+
+    public function getLength(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->length;
+    }
+
+    public function getDefault(): mixed
+    {
+        return $this->default;
+    }
+
+    public function getAutoincrement(): ?bool
+    {
+        return $this->autoincrement;
+    }
+
+    public function getUnsigned(): ?bool
+    {
+        return $this->unsigned;
+    }
+
+    public function getPrecision(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->precision;
+    }
+
+    public function getScale(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->scale;
+    }
+
+    public function getFixed(): ?bool
+    {
+        return $this->fixed;
+    }
+
+    public function getCollation(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->collation;
+    }
+
+    public function getCharset(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->charset;
+    }
+
+    public function withNotNull(bool $notNull = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->notNull = $notNull;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withLength(?int $length): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->length = $length;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withDefault(mixed $default): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->default = $default;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withAutoincrement(?bool $autoincrement = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->autoincrement = $autoincrement;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unsigned. Supported only by MySQL.
+     */
+    public function withUnsigned(?bool $unsigned = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->unsigned = $unsigned;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withPrecision(?int $precision): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->precision = $precision;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withScale(?int $scale): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->scale = $scale;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fixed length. For string and binary types.
+     */
+    public function withFixed(?bool $fixed = true): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->fixed = $fixed;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withCollation(?string $collation): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->collation = $collation;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withCharset(?string $charset): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->charset = $charset;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+
+interface ColumnPreparator
+{
+    public function prepare(AttributeDefs $defs): Column;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparatorFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\Binding\BindingContainerBuilder;
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class ColumnPreparatorFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Metadata $metadata,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        private Helper $helper
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(string $platform): ColumnPreparator
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<ColumnPreparator> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $platform, 'columnPreparatorClassName']);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No Column-Preparator for {$platform}.");
+        }
+
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+            ->build();
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparators/MysqlColumnPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparators;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\LongtextType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\MediumtextType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\Column;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparator;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+
+class MysqlColumnPreparator implements ColumnPreparator
+{
+    private const PARAM_DB_TYPE = AttributeParam::DB_TYPE;
+    private const PARAM_DEFAULT = AttributeParam::DEFAULT;
+    private const PARAM_NOT_NULL = AttributeParam::NOT_NULL;
+    private const PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT = 'autoincrement';
+    private const PARAM_PRECISION = 'precision';
+    private const PARAM_SCALE = 'scale';
+    private const PARAM_BINARY = 'binary';
+
+    public const TYPE_MYSQL = 'MySQL';
+    public const TYPE_MARIADB = 'MariaDB';
+
+    private const MB4_INDEX_LENGTH_LIMIT = 3072;
+    private const DEFAULT_INDEX_LIMIT = 1000;
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private array $mediumTextTypeList = [
+        Entity::TEXT,
+        Entity::JSON_OBJECT,
+        Entity::JSON_ARRAY,
+    ];
+
+    /** @var array<string, string> */
+    private array $columnTypeMap = [
+        Entity::BOOL => Types::BOOLEAN,
+        Entity::INT => Types::INTEGER,
+        Entity::VARCHAR => Types::STRING,
+    ];
+
+    private ?int $maxIndexLength = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Helper $helper
+    ) {}
+
+    public function prepare(AttributeDefs $defs): Column
+    {
+        $dbType = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DB_TYPE);
+        $type = $defs->getType();
+        $length = $defs->getLength();
+        $default = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DEFAULT);
+        $notNull = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_NOT_NULL);
+        $autoincrement = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT);
+        $precision = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_PRECISION);
+        $scale = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_SCALE);
+        $binary = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_BINARY);
+
+        $columnType = $dbType ?? $type;
+
+        if (in_array($type, $this->mediumTextTypeList) && !$dbType) {
+            $columnType = MediumtextType::NAME;
+        }
+
+        $columnType = $this->columnTypeMap[$columnType] ?? $columnType;
+
+        $columnName = Util::toUnderScore($defs->getName());
+
+        $column = Column::create($columnName, strtolower($columnType));
+
+        if ($length !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withLength($length);
+        }
+
+        if ($default !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+        }
+
+        if ($notNull !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withNotNull($notNull);
+        }
+
+        if ($autoincrement !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withAutoincrement($autoincrement);
+        }
+
+        if ($precision !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withPrecision($precision);
+        }
+
+        if ($scale !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withScale($scale);
+        }
+
+        $mb3 = false;
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case Entity::ID:
+            case Entity::FOREIGN_ID:
+            case Entity::FOREIGN_TYPE:
+                $mb3 = $this->getMaxIndexLength() < self::MB4_INDEX_LENGTH_LIMIT;
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::TEXT:
+                $column = $column->withDefault(null);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::JSON_ARRAY:
+                $default = is_array($default) ? json_encode($default) : null;
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::BOOL:
+                $default = intval($default ?? false);
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if ($type !== Entity::ID && $autoincrement) {
+            $column = $column
+                ->withNotNull()
+                ->withUnsigned();
+        }
+
+        if (
+            !in_array($columnType, [
+                Types::STRING,
+                Types::TEXT,
+                MediumtextType::NAME,
+                LongtextType::NAME,
+            ])
+        ) {
+            return $column;
+        }
+
+        $collation = $binary ?
+            'utf8mb4_bin' :
+            'utf8mb4_unicode_ci';
+
+        $charset = 'utf8mb4';
+
+        if ($mb3) {
+            $collation = $binary ?
+                'utf8mb3_bin' :
+                'utf8mb3_unicode_ci';
+
+            $charset = 'utf8mb3';
+        }
+
+        return $column
+            ->withCollation($collation)
+            ->withCharset($charset);
+    }
+
+    private function getMaxIndexLength(): int
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->maxIndexLength)) {
+            $this->maxIndexLength = $this->detectMaxIndexLength();
+        }
+
+        return $this->maxIndexLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get maximum index length.
+     */
+    private function detectMaxIndexLength(): int
+    {
+        $tableEngine = $this->getTableEngine();
+
+        if (!$tableEngine) {
+            return self::DEFAULT_INDEX_LIMIT;
+        }
+
+        return match ($tableEngine) {
+            'InnoDB' => 3072,
+            default => 1000,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a table or default engine.
+     */
+    private function getTableEngine(): ?string
+    {
+        $databaseType = $this->helper->getType();
+
+        if (!in_array($databaseType, [self::TYPE_MYSQL, self::TYPE_MARIADB])) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $query = "SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE Engine = 'MyISAM'";
+
+        $vars = [];
+
+        $pdo = $this->helper->getPDO();
+
+        $sth = $pdo->prepare($query);
+        $sth->execute($vars);
+
+        $result = $sth->fetchColumn();
+
+        if (!empty($result)) {
+            return 'MyISAM';
+        }
+
+        return 'InnoDB';
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/ColumnPreparators/PostgresqlColumnPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparators;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\Column;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\ColumnPreparator;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+
+class PostgresqlColumnPreparator implements ColumnPreparator
+{
+    private const PARAM_DB_TYPE = AttributeParam::DB_TYPE;
+    private const PARAM_DEFAULT = AttributeParam::DEFAULT;
+    private const PARAM_NOT_NULL = AttributeParam::NOT_NULL;
+    private const PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT = 'autoincrement';
+    private const PARAM_PRECISION = 'precision';
+    private const PARAM_SCALE = 'scale';
+
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private array $textTypeList = [
+        Entity::TEXT,
+        Entity::JSON_OBJECT,
+        Entity::JSON_ARRAY,
+    ];
+
+    /** @var array<string, string> */
+    private array $columnTypeMap = [
+        Entity::BOOL => Types::BOOLEAN,
+        Entity::INT => Types::INTEGER,
+        Entity::VARCHAR => Types::STRING,
+        // DBAL reverse engineers as blob.
+        Types::BINARY => Types::BLOB,
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct() {}
+
+    public function prepare(AttributeDefs $defs): Column
+    {
+        $dbType = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DB_TYPE);
+        $type = $defs->getType();
+        $length = $defs->getLength();
+        $default = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_DEFAULT);
+        $notNull = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_NOT_NULL);
+        $autoincrement = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_AUTOINCREMENT);
+        $precision = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_PRECISION);
+        $scale = $defs->getParam(self::PARAM_SCALE);
+
+        $columnType = $dbType ?? $type;
+
+        if (in_array($type, $this->textTypeList) && !$dbType) {
+            $columnType = Types::TEXT;
+        }
+
+        $columnType = $this->columnTypeMap[$columnType] ?? $columnType;
+
+        $columnName = Util::toUnderScore($defs->getName());
+
+        $column = Column::create($columnName, strtolower($columnType));
+
+        if ($length !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withLength($length);
+        }
+
+        if ($default !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+        }
+
+        if ($notNull !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withNotNull($notNull);
+        }
+
+        if ($autoincrement !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withAutoincrement($autoincrement);
+        }
+
+        if ($precision !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withPrecision($precision);
+        }
+
+        if ($scale !== null) {
+            $column = $column->withScale($scale);
+        }
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case Entity::TEXT:
+                $column = $column->withDefault(null);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::JSON_ARRAY:
+                $default = is_array($default) ? json_encode($default) : null;
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+
+            case Entity::BOOL:
+                $default = intval($default ?? false);
+
+                $column = $column->withDefault($default);
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if ($type !== Entity::ID && $autoincrement) {
+            $column = $column
+                ->withNotNull()
+                ->withUnsigned();
+        }
+
+        return $column;
+
+        // @todo Revise. Comparator would detect the column as changed if charset is set.
+        /*if (
+            !in_array($columnType, [
+                Types::STRING,
+                Types::TEXT,
+            ])
+        ) {
+            return $column;
+        }
+
+        return $column->withCharset('UTF8');*/
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/DiffModifier.php

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DbalException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Column as Column;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\ColumnDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\TableDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\TextType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Types;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\LongtextType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Dbal\Types\MediumtextType;
+
+class DiffModifier
+{
+    /**
+     * @param RebuildMode::* $mode
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    public function modify(
+        SchemaDiff $diff,
+        Schema $schema,
+        bool $secondRun = false,
+        string $mode = RebuildMode::SOFT
+    ): bool {
+
+        $reRun = false;
+        $isHard = $mode === RebuildMode::HARD;
+
+        $diff = $this->handleRemovedSequences($diff, $schema);
+
+        $diff->removedTables = [];
+
+        foreach ($diff->changedTables as $tableDiff) {
+            $reRun = $this->amendTableDiff($tableDiff, $secondRun, $isHard) || $reRun;
+        }
+
+        return $reRun;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function amendTableDiff(TableDiff $tableDiff, bool $secondRun, bool $isHard): bool
+    {
+        $reRun = false;
+
+        /**
+         * @todo Leave only for MariaDB?
+         * MariaDB supports RENAME INDEX as of v10.5.
+         * Find out how long does it take to rename for different databases.
+         */
+
+        if (!$isHard) {
+            // Prevent index renaming as an operation may take a lot of time.
+            $tableDiff->renamedIndexes = [];
+        }
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->removedColumns as $name => $column) {
+            $reRun = $this->moveRemovedAutoincrementColumnToChanged($tableDiff, $column, $name) || $reRun;
+        }
+
+        if (!$isHard) {
+            // Prevent column removal to prevent data loss.
+            $tableDiff->removedColumns = [];
+        }
+
+        // Prevent column renaming as a not desired behavior.
+        foreach ($tableDiff->renamedColumns as $renamedColumn) {
+            $addedName = strtolower($renamedColumn->getName());
+            $tableDiff->addedColumns[$addedName] = $renamedColumn;
+        }
+
+        $tableDiff->renamedColumns = [];
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->addedColumns as $column) {
+            // Suppress autoincrement as need having a unique index first.
+            $reRun = $this->amendAddedColumnAutoincrement($column) || $reRun;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->changedColumns as $name => $columnDiff) {
+            if (!$isHard) {
+                // Prevent decreasing length for string columns to prevent data loss.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffLength($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+                // Prevent longtext => mediumtext to prevent data loss.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffTextType($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+                // Prevent changing collation.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffCollation($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+                // Prevent changing charset.
+                $this->amendColumnDiffCharset($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name);
+            }
+
+            // Prevent setting autoincrement in first run.
+            if (!$secondRun) {
+                $reRun = $this->amendColumnDiffAutoincrement($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name) || $reRun;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $reRun;
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffLength(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('length', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromLength = $fromColumn->getLength() ?? 255;
+        $length = $column->getLength() ?? 255;
+
+        if ($fromLength <= $length) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setLength($fromLength);
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'length');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function amendColumnDiffTextType(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('type', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromType = $fromColumn->getType();
+        $type = $column->getType();
+
+        if (
+            !$fromType instanceof TextType ||
+            !$type instanceof TextType
+        ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $typePriority = [
+            Types::TEXT,
+            MediumtextType::NAME,
+            LongtextType::NAME,
+        ];
+
+        $fromIndex = array_search($fromType->getName(), $typePriority);
+        $index = array_search($type->getName(), $typePriority);
+
+        if ($index >= $fromIndex) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setType(Type::getType($fromType->getName()));
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'type');
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffCollation(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('collation', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromCollation = $fromColumn->getPlatformOption('collation');
+
+        if (!$fromCollation) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setPlatformOption('collation', $fromCollation);
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'collation');
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffCharset(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): void
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('charset', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fromCharset = $fromColumn->getPlatformOption('charset');
+
+        if (!$fromCharset) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $column->setPlatformOption('charset', $fromCharset);
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'charset');
+    }
+
+    private function amendColumnDiffAutoincrement(TableDiff $tableDiff, ColumnDiff $columnDiff, string $name): bool
+    {
+        $fromColumn = $columnDiff->fromColumn;
+        $column = $columnDiff->column;
+
+        if (!$fromColumn) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array('autoincrement', $columnDiff->changedProperties)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $column
+            ->setAutoincrement(false)
+            ->setNotnull(false)
+            ->setDefault(null);
+
+        if ($name === 'id') {
+            $column->setNotnull(true);
+        }
+
+        self::unsetChangedColumnProperty($tableDiff, $columnDiff, $name, 'autoincrement');
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function amendAddedColumnAutoincrement(Column $column): bool
+    {
+        if (!$column->getAutoincrement()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $column
+            ->setAutoincrement(false)
+            ->setNotnull(false)
+            ->setDefault(null);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function moveRemovedAutoincrementColumnToChanged(TableDiff $tableDiff, Column $column, string $name): bool
+    {
+        if (!$column->getAutoincrement()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $newColumn = clone $column;
+
+        $newColumn
+            ->setAutoincrement(false)
+            ->setNotnull(false)
+            ->setDefault(null);
+
+        $changedProperties = [
+            'autoincrement',
+            'notnull',
+            'default',
+        ];
+
+        $tableDiff->changedColumns[$name] = new ColumnDiff($name, $newColumn, $changedProperties, $column);
+
+        foreach ($tableDiff->removedIndexes as $indexName => $index) {
+            if ($index->getColumns() === [$name]) {
+                unset($tableDiff->removedIndexes[$indexName]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static function unsetChangedColumnProperty(
+        TableDiff $tableDiff,
+        ColumnDiff $columnDiff,
+        string $name,
+        string $property
+    ): void {
+
+        if (count($columnDiff->changedProperties) === 1) {
+            unset($tableDiff->changedColumns[$name]);
+        }
+
+        $columnDiff->changedProperties = array_diff($columnDiff->changedProperties, [$property]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DBAL does not handle autoincrement columns that are not primary keys,
+     * making them dropped.
+     */
+    private function handleRemovedSequences(SchemaDiff $diff, Schema $schema): SchemaDiff
+    {
+        $droppedSequences = $diff->getDroppedSequences();
+
+        if ($droppedSequences === []) {
+            return $diff;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($droppedSequences as $i => $sequence) {
+            foreach ($schema->getTables() as $table) {
+                $namespace = $table->getNamespaceName();
+                $tableName = $table->getShortestName($namespace);
+
+                foreach ($table->getColumns() as $column) {
+                    if (!$column->getAutoincrement()) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $sequenceName = $sequence->getShortestName($namespace);
+
+                    $tableSequenceName = sprintf('%s_%s_seq', $tableName, $column->getShortestName($namespace));
+
+                    if ($tableSequenceName !== $sequenceName) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    unset($droppedSequences[$i]);
+
+                    continue 3;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $diff->removedSequences = array_values($droppedSequences);
+
+        return $diff;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/EntityDefsModifier.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\EntityDefs as OrmEntityDefs;
+
+/**
+ * Modifies definitions before building a schema.
+ */
+interface EntityDefsModifier
+{
+    public function modify(OrmEntityDefs $entityDefs): EntityDefs;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/EntityDefsModifiers/JsonData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\EntityDefsModifiers;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\AttributeDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Orm\Defs\EntityDefs;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\EntityDefsModifier;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\EntityDefs as OrmEntityDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Type\AttributeType;
+
+/**
+ * A single JSON column instead of multiple field columns.
+ */
+class JsonData implements EntityDefsModifier
+{
+    public function modify(OrmEntityDefs $entityDefs): EntityDefs
+    {
+        $sourceIdAttribute = $entityDefs->getAttribute('id');
+
+        $idAttribute = AttributeDefs::create('id')
+            ->withType(AttributeType::ID);
+
+        $length = $sourceIdAttribute->getLength();
+        $dbType = $sourceIdAttribute->getParam(AttributeParam::DB_TYPE);
+
+        if ($length) {
+            $idAttribute = $idAttribute->withLength($length);
+        }
+
+        if ($dbType) {
+            $idAttribute = $idAttribute->withDbType($dbType);
+        }
+
+        return EntityDefs::create()
+            ->withAttribute($idAttribute)
+            ->withAttribute(
+                AttributeDefs::create('data')
+                    ->withType(AttributeType::JSON_OBJECT)
+            );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/MetadataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\ConfigDataProvider;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+
+class MetadataProvider
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider,
+        private Metadata $metadata
+    ) {}
+
+    private function getPlatform(): string
+    {
+        return $this->configDataProvider->getPlatform();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return class-string<RebuildAction>[]
+     */
+    public function getPreRebuildActionClassNameList(): array
+    {
+        /** @var class-string<RebuildAction>[] */
+        return $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $this->getPlatform(), 'preRebuildActionClassNameList']) ?? [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return class-string<RebuildAction>[]
+     */
+    public function getPostRebuildActionClassNameList(): array
+    {
+        /** @var class-string<RebuildAction>[] */
+        return $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $this->getPlatform(), 'postRebuildActionClassNameList']) ?? [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, class-string<Type>>
+     */
+    public function getDbalTypeClassNameMap(): array
+    {
+        /** @var array<string, class-string<Type>> */
+        return $this->metadata
+            ->get(['app', 'databasePlatforms', $this->getPlatform(), 'dbalTypeClassNameMap']) ?? [];
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/RebuildAction.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as DbalSchema;
+
+interface RebuildAction
+{
+    public function process(DbalSchema $oldSchema, DbalSchema $newSchema): void;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/RebuildActions/PrepareForFulltextIndex.php

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\RebuildActions;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DbalException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as DbalSchema;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema\RebuildAction;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+
+use Exception;
+
+class PrepareForFulltextIndex implements RebuildAction
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Helper $helper,
+        private Log $log
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    public function process(DbalSchema $oldSchema, DbalSchema $newSchema): void
+    {
+        if ($oldSchema->getTables() === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $connection = $this->helper->getDbalConnection();
+        $pdo = $this->helper->getPDO();
+
+        foreach ($newSchema->getTables() as $table) {
+            $tableName = $table->getName();
+            $indexes = $table->getIndexes();
+
+            foreach ($indexes as $index) {
+                if (!$index->hasFlag('fulltext')) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $columns = $index->getColumns();
+
+                foreach ($columns as $columnName) {
+                    $sql = "SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `" . $tableName . "` WHERE Field = " . $pdo->quote($columnName);
+
+                    try {
+                        /** @var array{Type: string, Collation: string} $row */
+                        $row = $connection->fetchAssociative($sql);
+                    } catch (Exception) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    switch (strtoupper($row['Type'])) {
+                        case 'LONGTEXT':
+                            $alterSql =
+                                "ALTER TABLE `{$tableName}` " .
+                                "MODIFY `{$columnName}` MEDIUMTEXT COLLATE " . $row['Collation'];
+
+                            $this->log->info('SCHEMA, Execute Query: ' . $alterSql);
+
+                            $connection->executeQuery($alterSql);
+
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/RebuildMode.php

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+class RebuildMode
+{
+    public const SOFT = 'soft';
+    public const HARD = 'hard';
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/SchemaManager.php

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection as DbalConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception as DbalException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\AbstractSchemaManager;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Comparator;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaDiff;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+
+use Espo\Core\Binding\BindingContainerBuilder;
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata\OrmMetadataData;
+
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * A database schema manager.
+ */
+class SchemaManager
+{
+    /** @var AbstractSchemaManager<AbstractPlatform> */
+    private AbstractSchemaManager $schemaManager;
+    private Comparator $comparator;
+    private Builder $builder;
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        private OrmMetadataData $ormMetadataData,
+        private Log $log,
+        private Helper $helper,
+        private MetadataProvider $metadataProvider,
+        private DiffModifier $diffModifier,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory
+    ) {
+        $this->schemaManager = $this->getDbalConnection()
+            ->getDatabasePlatform()
+            ->createSchemaManager($this->getDbalConnection());
+
+        // Not using a platform specific comparator as it unsets a collation and charset if
+        // they match a table default.
+        //$this->comparator = $this->schemaManager->createComparator();
+        $this->comparator = new Comparator($this->getPlatform());
+
+        $this->initFieldTypes();
+
+        $this->builder = $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding(
+            Builder::class,
+            BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+                ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+                ->build()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function getDatabaseHelper(): Helper
+    {
+        return $this->helper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function getPlatform(): AbstractPlatform
+    {
+        return $this->getDbalConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
+    }
+
+    private function getDbalConnection(): DbalConnection
+    {
+        return $this->helper->getDbalConnection();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function initFieldTypes(): void
+    {
+        foreach ($this->metadataProvider->getDbalTypeClassNameMap() as $type => $className) {
+            Type::hasType($type) ?
+                Type::overrideType($type, $className) :
+                Type::addType($type, $className);
+
+            $this->getDbalConnection()
+                ->getDatabasePlatform()
+                ->registerDoctrineTypeMapping($type, $type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rebuild database schema. Creates and alters needed tables and columns.
+     * Does not remove columns, does not decrease column lengths.
+     *
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList Specific entity types.
+     * @param RebuildMode::* $mode A mode.
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     * @throws DbalException
+     * @todo Catch and re-throw exceptions.
+     */
+    public function rebuild(?array $entityTypeList = null, string $mode = RebuildMode::SOFT): bool
+    {
+        $fromSchema = $this->introspectSchema();
+        $schema = $this->builder->build($this->ormMetadataData->getData(), $entityTypeList);
+
+        try {
+            $this->processPreRebuildActions($fromSchema, $schema);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log->alert('Rebuild database pre-rebuild error: '. $e->getMessage());
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $diff = $this->comparator->compareSchemas($fromSchema, $schema);
+        $needReRun = $this->diffModifier->modify($diff, $schema, false, $mode);
+        $sql = $this->composeDiffSql($diff);
+
+        $result = $this->runSql($sql);
+
+        if (!$result) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($needReRun) {
+            // Needed to handle auto-increment column creation/removal/change.
+            // As an auto-increment column requires having a unique index, but
+            // Doctrine DBAL does not handle this.
+            $intermediateSchema = $this->introspectSchema();
+            $schema = $this->builder->build($this->ormMetadataData->getData(), $entityTypeList);
+
+            $diff = $this->comparator->compareSchemas($intermediateSchema, $schema);
+
+            $this->diffModifier->modify($diff, $schema, true);
+            $sql = $this->composeDiffSql($diff);
+            $result = $this->runSql($sql);
+        }
+
+        if (!$result) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->processPostRebuildActions($fromSchema, $schema);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log->alert('Rebuild database post-rebuild error: ' . $e->getMessage());
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string[] $queries
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    private function runSql(array $queries): bool
+    {
+        $result = true;
+
+        $connection = $this->getDbalConnection();
+
+        foreach ($queries as $sql) {
+            $this->log->info('Schema, query: '. $sql);
+
+            try {
+                $connection->executeQuery($sql);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->log->alert('Rebuild database error: ' . $e->getMessage());
+
+                $result = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Introspect and return a current database schema.
+     *
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function introspectSchema(): Schema
+    {
+        return $this->schemaManager->introspectSchema();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     * @throws DbalException
+     */
+    private function composeDiffSql(SchemaDiff $diff): array
+    {
+        return $this->getPlatform()->getAlterSchemaSQL($diff);
+    }
+
+    private function processPreRebuildActions(Schema $actualSchema, Schema $schema): void
+    {
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+            ->build();
+
+        foreach ($this->metadataProvider->getPreRebuildActionClassNameList() as $className) {
+            $action = $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+
+            $action->process($actualSchema, $schema);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function processPostRebuildActions(Schema $actualSchema, Schema $schema): void
+    {
+        $binding = BindingContainerBuilder::create()
+            ->bindInstance(Helper::class, $this->helper)
+            ->build();
+
+        foreach ($this->metadataProvider->getPostRebuildActionClassNameList() as $className) {
+            $action = $this->injectableFactory->createWithBinding($className, $binding);
+
+            $action->process($actualSchema, $schema);
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/SchemaManagerProxy.php

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Helper;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaException;
+
+class SchemaManagerProxy
+{
+    private ?SchemaManager $schemaManager = null;
+
+    public function __construct(private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory) {}
+
+    private function getSchemaManager(): SchemaManager
+    {
+        $this->schemaManager ??= $this->injectableFactory->create(SchemaManager::class);
+
+        return $this->schemaManager;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ?string[] $entityTypeList
+     * @param RebuildMode::* $mode
+     * @throws SchemaException
+     */
+    public function rebuild(?array $entityTypeList = null, string $mode = RebuildMode::SOFT): bool
+    {
+        return $this->getSchemaManager()->rebuild($entityTypeList, $mode);
+    }
+
+    public function getDatabaseHelper(): Helper
+    {
+        return $this->getSchemaManager()->getDatabaseHelper();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Utils/Database/Schema/Utils.php

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Utils\Database\Schema;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Type\FieldType;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Util;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\IndexDefs;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\AttributeParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\EntityParam;
+use Espo\ORM\Defs\Params\IndexParam;
+
+class Utils
+{
+    /**
+     * Get indexes in specific format.
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $defs
+     * @param string[] $ignoreFlags @todo Remove parameter?
+     * @return array<string, array<string, mixed>>
+     */
+    public static function getIndexes(array $defs, array $ignoreFlags = []): array
+    {
+        $indexList = [];
+
+        foreach ($defs as $entityType => $entityParams) {
+            $indexes = $entityParams[EntityParam::INDEXES] ?? [];
+
+            foreach ($indexes as $indexName => $indexParams) {
+                $indexDefs = IndexDefs::fromRaw($indexParams, $indexName);
+
+                $tableIndexName = $indexParams[IndexParam::KEY] ?? null;
+
+                if (!$tableIndexName) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $columns = $indexDefs->getColumnList();
+                $flags = $indexDefs->getFlagList();
+
+                if ($flags !== []) {
+                    $skipIndex = false;
+
+                    foreach ($ignoreFlags as $ignoreFlag) {
+                        if (($flagKey = array_search($ignoreFlag, $flags)) !== false) {
+                            unset($flags[$flagKey]);
+
+                            $skipIndex = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if ($skipIndex && empty($flags)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $indexList[$entityType][$tableIndexName][IndexParam::FLAGS] = $flags;
+                }
+
+                if ($columns !== []) {
+                    $indexType = self::getIndexTypeByIndexDefs($indexDefs);
+
+                    // @todo Revise, may to be removed.
+                    $indexList[$entityType][$tableIndexName][IndexParam::TYPE] = $indexType;
+
+                    $indexList[$entityType][$tableIndexName][IndexParam::COLUMNS] = array_map(
+                        fn ($item) => Util::toUnderScore($item),
+                        $columns
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> */
+        return $indexList; /** @phpstan-ignore-line */
+    }
+
+    private static function getIndexTypeByIndexDefs(IndexDefs $indexDefs): string
+    {
+        if ($indexDefs->isUnique()) {
+            return 'unique';
+        }
+
+        if (in_array('fulltext', $indexDefs->getFlagList())) {
+            return 'fulltext';
+        }
+
+        return 'index';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormMeta
+     * @param int $indexMaxLength
+     * @param ?array<string, mixed> $indexList
+     * @param int $characterLength
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    public static function getFieldListExceededIndexMaxLength(
+        array $ormMeta,
+        $indexMaxLength = 1000,
+        ?array $indexList = null,
+        $characterLength = 4
+    ) {
+
+        $permittedFieldTypeList = [
+            FieldType::VARCHAR,
+        ];
+
+        $fields = [];
+
+        if (!isset($indexList)) {
+            $indexList = self::getIndexes($ormMeta, ['fulltext']);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($indexList as $entityName => $indexes) {
+            foreach ($indexes as $indexName => $indexParams) {
+                $columnList = $indexParams['columns'];
+
+                $indexLength = 0;
+
+                foreach ($columnList as $columnName) {
+                    $fieldName = Util::toCamelCase($columnName);
+
+                    if (!isset($ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName])) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $indexLength += self::getFieldLength(
+                        $ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName],
+                        $characterLength
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if ($indexLength > $indexMaxLength) {
+                    foreach ($columnList as $columnName) {
+                        $fieldName = Util::toCamelCase($columnName);
+
+                        if (!isset($ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        $fieldType = self::getFieldType($ormMeta[$entityName]['fields'][$fieldName]);
+
+                        if (in_array($fieldType, $permittedFieldTypeList)) {
+                            if (!isset($fields[$entityName]) || !in_array($fieldName, $fields[$entityName])) {
+                                $fields[$entityName][] = $fieldName;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $fields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormFieldDefs
+     * @param int $characterLength
+     * @return int
+     */
+    private static function getFieldLength(array $ormFieldDefs, $characterLength = 4)
+    {
+        $length = 0;
+
+        if (isset($ormFieldDefs[AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE]) && $ormFieldDefs[AttributeParam::NOT_STORABLE]) {
+            return $length;
+        }
+
+        $defaultLength = [
+            'datetime' => 8,
+            'time' => 4,
+            'int' => 4,
+            'bool' => 1,
+            'float' => 4,
+            'varchar' => 255,
+        ];
+
+        $type = self::getDbFieldType($ormFieldDefs);
+
+        $length = $defaultLength[$type] ?? $length;
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case 'varchar':
+                $length = $length * $characterLength;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return $length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormFieldDefs
+     * @return string
+     */
+    private static function getDbFieldType(array $ormFieldDefs)
+    {
+        return $ormFieldDefs[AttributeParam::DB_TYPE] ?? $ormFieldDefs['type'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $ormFieldDefs
+     */
+    private static function getFieldType(array $ormFieldDefs): string
+    {
+        return $ormFieldDefs['type'] ?? self::getDbFieldType($ormFieldDefs);
+    }
+}