Initial commit

application/Espo/Core/Job/AsyncPoolFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+
+use Spatie\Async\Pool;
+
+class AsyncPoolFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(private Config $config)
+    {}
+
+    public function isSupported(): bool
+    {
+        return Pool::isSupported();
+    }
+
+    public function create(): Pool
+    {
+        return Pool
+            ::create()
+            ->autoload(getcwd() . '/vendor/autoload.php')
+            ->concurrency($this->config->get('jobPoolConcurrencyNumber'))
+            ->timeout($this->config->get('jobPeriodForActiveProcess'));
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/ConfigDataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+
+class ConfigDataProvider
+{
+    private const MAX_PORTION = 15;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Config $config,
+        private Config\ApplicationConfig $applicationConfig,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function runInParallel(): bool
+    {
+        return (bool) $this->config->get('jobRunInParallel');
+    }
+
+    public function getMaxPortion(): int
+    {
+        return (int) $this->config->get('jobMaxPortion', self::MAX_PORTION);
+    }
+
+    public function getCronMinInterval(): int
+    {
+        return (int) $this->config->get('cronMinInterval', 0);
+    }
+
+    public function noTableLocking(): bool
+    {
+        return (bool) $this->config->get('jobNoTableLocking');
+    }
+
+    public function getTimeZone(): string
+    {
+        if ($this->config->get('jobForceUtc')) {
+            return 'UTC';
+        }
+
+        return $this->applicationConfig->getTimeZone();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job.php

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Data;
+
+/**
+ * A job.
+ */
+interface Job
+{
+    /**
+     * Run a job.
+     */
+    public function run(Data $data): void;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Data.php

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+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\ObjectUtil;
+
+use TypeError;
+use stdClass;
+
+class Data
+{
+    private stdClass $data;
+    private ?string $targetId = null;
+    private ?string $targetType = null;
+
+    public function __construct(?stdClass $data = null)
+    {
+        $this->data = $data ?? (object) [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an instance.
+     *
+     * @param stdClass|array<string, mixed>|null $data Raw data.
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public static function create($data = null): self
+    {
+        /** @var mixed $data */
+
+        if ($data !== null && !is_object($data) && !is_array($data)) {
+            throw new TypeError();
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($data)) {
+            $data = (object) $data;
+        }
+
+        /** @var ?stdClass $data */
+
+        return new self($data);
+    }
+
+    public function getRaw(): stdClass
+    {
+        return ObjectUtil::clone($this->data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function get(string $name)
+    {
+        return $this->getRaw()->$name ?? null;
+    }
+
+    public function has(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return property_exists($this->data, $name);
+    }
+
+    public function getTargetId(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->targetId;
+    }
+
+    public function getTargetType(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->targetType;
+    }
+
+    public function withTargetId(?string $targetId): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->targetId = $targetId;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withTargetType(?string $targetType): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->targetType = $targetType;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Jobs/AbstractQueueJob.php

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+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job\Jobs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobDataLess;
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobManager;
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueuePortionNumberProvider;
+
+abstract class AbstractQueueJob implements JobDataLess
+{
+    protected string $queue;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private JobManager $jobManager,
+        private QueuePortionNumberProvider $portionNumberProvider)
+    {}
+
+    public function run(): void
+    {
+        $limit = $this->portionNumberProvider->get($this->queue);
+
+        $this->jobManager->processQueue($this->queue, $limit);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Jobs/ProcessJobGroup.php

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+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job\Jobs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Data;
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobManager;
+
+class ProcessJobGroup implements Job
+{
+    private const PORTION_NUMBER = 100;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private JobManager $jobManager,
+        private Config $config
+    ) {}
+
+    public function run(Data $data): void
+    {
+        $limit = $this->config->get('jobGroupMaxPortion') ?? self::PORTION_NUMBER;
+
+        $group = $data->get('group');
+
+        $this->jobManager->processGroup($group, $limit);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Jobs/ProcessJobQueueE0.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job\Jobs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueName;
+
+class ProcessJobQueueE0 extends AbstractQueueJob
+{
+    protected string $queue = QueueName::E0;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Jobs/ProcessJobQueueQ0.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job\Jobs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueName;
+
+class ProcessJobQueueQ0 extends AbstractQueueJob
+{
+    protected string $queue = QueueName::Q0;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Jobs/ProcessJobQueueQ1.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job\Jobs;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueName;
+
+class ProcessJobQueueQ1 extends AbstractQueueJob
+{
+    protected string $queue = QueueName::Q1;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Job/Status.php

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Job;
+
+class Status
+{
+    public const PENDING = 'Pending';
+    public const READY = 'Ready';
+    public const RUNNING = 'Running';
+    public const SUCCESS = 'Success';
+    public const FAILED = 'Failed';
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobDataLess.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+/**
+ * A job w/o data.
+ */
+interface JobDataLess
+{
+    /**
+     * Run a job.
+     */
+    public function run(): void;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\ClassFinder;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class JobFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private ClassFinder $classFinder,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory,
+        private MetadataProvider $metadataProvider
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Create a job by a scheduled job name.
+     *
+     * @return Job|JobDataLess
+     */
+    public function create(string $name): object
+    {
+        $className = $this->getClassName($name);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Job '$name' not found.");
+        }
+
+        return $this->createByClassName($className);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a job by a class name.
+     *
+     * @param class-string<Job|JobDataLess> $className
+     * @return Job|JobDataLess
+     */
+    public function createByClassName(string $className): object
+    {
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create($className);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return ?class-string<Job|JobDataLess>
+     */
+    private function getClassName(string $name): ?string
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<Job|JobDataLess> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadataProvider->getJobClassName($name);
+
+        if ($className) {
+            return $className;
+        }
+
+        /** @var ?class-string<Job|JobDataLess> */
+        return $this->classFinder->find('Jobs', ucfirst($name));
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobManager.php

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueProcessor\Params;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\File\Manager as FileManager;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Entities\Job as JobEntity;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Handles processing jobs.
+ */
+class JobManager
+{
+    private bool $useProcessPool = false;
+    protected string $lastRunTimeFile = 'data/cache/application/cronLastRunTime.php';
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private FileManager $fileManager,
+        private JobRunner $jobRunner,
+        private Log $log,
+        private ScheduleProcessor $scheduleProcessor,
+        private QueueUtil $queueUtil,
+        private AsyncPoolFactory $asyncPoolFactory,
+        private QueueProcessor $queueProcessor,
+        private ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider
+    ) {
+        if ($this->configDataProvider->runInParallel()) {
+            if ($this->asyncPoolFactory->isSupported()) {
+                $this->useProcessPool = true;
+            } else {
+                $this->log->warning("Enabled `jobRunInParallel` parameter requires pcntl and posix extensions.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process jobs. Jobs will be created according scheduling. Then pending jobs will be processed.
+     * This method supposed to be called on every Cron run or loop iteration of the Daemon.
+     */
+    public function process(): void
+    {
+        if (!$this->checkLastRunTime()) {
+            $this->log->info('JobManager: Skip job processing. Too frequent execution.');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->updateLastRunTime();
+        $this->queueUtil->markJobsFailed();
+        $this->queueUtil->updateFailedJobAttempts();
+        $this->scheduleProcessor->process();
+        $this->queueUtil->removePendingJobDuplicates();
+        $this->processMainQueue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process pending jobs from a specific queue. Jobs within a queue are processed one by one.
+     */
+    public function processQueue(string $queue, int $limit): void
+    {
+        $params = Params
+            ::create()
+            ->withQueue($queue)
+            ->withLimit($limit)
+            ->withUseProcessPool(false)
+            ->withNoLock(true);
+
+        $this->queueProcessor->process($params);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process pending jobs from a specific group. Jobs within a group are processed one by one.
+     */
+    public function processGroup(string $group, int $limit): void
+    {
+        $params = Params
+            ::create()
+            ->withGroup($group)
+            ->withLimit($limit)
+            ->withUseProcessPool(false)
+            ->withNoLock(true);
+
+        $this->queueProcessor->process($params);
+    }
+
+    private function processMainQueue(): void
+    {
+        $limit = $this->configDataProvider->getMaxPortion();
+
+        $params = Params
+            ::create()
+            ->withUseProcessPool($this->useProcessPool)
+            ->withLimit($limit);
+
+        $subQueueParams = [
+            $params->withWeight(0.5),
+            $params->withQueue(QueueName::M0)->withWeight(0.5),
+        ];
+
+        $params = $params->withSubQueueParamsList($subQueueParams);
+
+        $this->queueProcessor->process($params);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run a specific job by ID. A job status should be set to 'Ready'.
+     */
+    public function runJobById(string $id): void
+    {
+        $this->jobRunner->runById($id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run a specific job.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    public function runJob(JobEntity $job): void
+    {
+        $this->jobRunner->runThrowingException($job);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @todo Move to a separate class.
+     */
+    private function getLastRunTime(): int
+    {
+        if ($this->fileManager->isFile($this->lastRunTimeFile)) {
+            try {
+                $data = $this->fileManager->getPhpContents($this->lastRunTimeFile);
+            } catch (RuntimeException) {
+                $data = null;
+            }
+
+            if (is_array($data) && isset($data['time'])) {
+                return (int) $data['time'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return time() - $this->configDataProvider->getCronMinInterval() - 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @todo Move to a separate class.
+     */
+    private function updateLastRunTime(): void
+    {
+        $data = ['time' => time()];
+
+        $this->fileManager->putPhpContents($this->lastRunTimeFile, $data, false, true);
+    }
+
+    private function checkLastRunTime(): bool
+    {
+        $currentTime = time();
+        $lastRunTime = $this->getLastRunTime();
+
+        $cronMinInterval = $this->configDataProvider->getCronMinInterval();
+
+        if ($currentTime > ($lastRunTime + $cronMinInterval)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobRunner.php

@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\ORM\EntityManager;
+use Espo\Core\ServiceFactory;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\System;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Data;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Status;
+use Espo\Entities\Job as JobEntity;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use LogicException;
+use RuntimeException;
+use Throwable;
+
+class JobRunner
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private JobFactory $jobFactory,
+        private ScheduleUtil $scheduleUtil,
+        private EntityManager $entityManager,
+        private ServiceFactory $serviceFactory,
+        private Log $log,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Run a job entity. Does not throw exceptions.
+     */
+    public function run(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->runInternal($jobEntity);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            throw new LogicException($e->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run a job entity. Throws exceptions.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    public function runThrowingException(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        $this->runInternal($jobEntity, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run a job by ID. A job must have status 'Ready'.
+     * Used when running jobs in parallel processes.
+     */
+    public function runById(string $id): void
+    {
+        if ($id === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Empty job ID.");
+        }
+
+        /** @var ?JobEntity $jobEntity */
+        $jobEntity = $this->entityManager->getEntityById(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE, $id);
+
+        if (!$jobEntity) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Job '$id' not found.");
+        }
+
+        if ($jobEntity->getStatus() !== Status::READY) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can't run job '$id' with not Ready status.");
+        }
+
+        $this->setJobRunning($jobEntity);
+
+        $this->run($jobEntity);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    private function runInternal(JobEntity $jobEntity, bool $throwException = false): void
+    {
+        $isSuccess = true;
+        $exception = null;
+
+        if ($jobEntity->getStatus() !== Status::RUNNING) {
+            $this->setJobRunning($jobEntity);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            if ($jobEntity->getScheduledJobId()) {
+                $this->runScheduledJob($jobEntity);
+            } else if ($jobEntity->getJob()) {
+                $this->runJobNamed($jobEntity);
+            } else if ($jobEntity->getClassName()) {
+                $this->runJobWithClassName($jobEntity);
+            } else if ($jobEntity->getServiceName()) {
+                $this->runService($jobEntity);
+            } else {
+                $id = $jobEntity->getId();
+
+                throw new RuntimeException("Not runnable job '$id'.");
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $isSuccess = false;
+
+            $jobId = $jobEntity->hasId() ? $jobEntity->getId() : null;
+
+            $this->log->critical("Failed job {id}. {message}", [
+                'exception' => $e,
+                'message' => $e->getMessage(),
+                Attribute::ID => $jobId,
+            ]);
+
+            if ($throwException) {
+                $exception = $e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $status = $isSuccess ? Status::SUCCESS : Status::FAILED;
+
+        $jobEntity->setStatus($status);
+
+        if ($isSuccess) {
+            $jobEntity->setExecutedAtNow();
+        }
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($jobEntity);
+
+        if ($throwException && $exception) {
+            throw new $exception($exception->getMessage());
+        }
+
+        if ($jobEntity->getScheduledJobId()) {
+            $this->scheduleUtil->addLogRecord(
+                $jobEntity->getScheduledJobId(),
+                $status,
+                null,
+                $jobEntity->getTargetId(),
+                $jobEntity->getTargetType()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function runJobNamed(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        $jobName = $jobEntity->getJob();
+
+        if (!$jobName) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No job name.");
+        }
+
+        $job = $this->jobFactory->create($jobName);
+
+        $this->runJob($job, $jobEntity);
+    }
+
+    private function runScheduledJob(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        $jobName = $jobEntity->getScheduledJobJob();
+
+        if (!$jobName) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can't run job '{$jobEntity->getId()}'. Not a scheduled job.");
+        }
+
+        $job = $this->jobFactory->create($jobName);
+
+        $this->runJob($job, $jobEntity);
+    }
+
+    private function runJobWithClassName(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        $className = $jobEntity->getClassName();
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No className in job {$jobEntity->getId()}.");
+        }
+
+        $job = $this->jobFactory->createByClassName($className);
+
+        $this->runJob($job, $jobEntity);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Job|JobDataLess $job
+     * @internal Native type is not used for bc.
+     */
+    private function runJob($job, JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        if ($job instanceof JobDataLess) {
+            $job->run();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $data = Data::create($jobEntity->getData())
+            ->withTargetId($jobEntity->getTargetId())
+            ->withTargetType($jobEntity->getTargetType());
+
+        $job->run($data);
+    }
+
+    private function runService(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        $serviceName = $jobEntity->getServiceName();
+
+        if (!$serviceName) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Job with empty serviceName.");
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->serviceFactory->checkExists($serviceName)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No service $serviceName.");
+        }
+
+        $service = $this->serviceFactory->create($serviceName);
+
+        $methodName = $jobEntity->getMethodName();
+
+        if (!$methodName) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Job with empty methodName.');
+        }
+
+        if (!method_exists($service, $methodName)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No method '$methodName' in service '$serviceName'.");
+        }
+
+        $service->$methodName(
+            $jobEntity->getData(),
+            $jobEntity->getTargetId(),
+            $jobEntity->getTargetType()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function setJobRunning(JobEntity $jobEntity): void
+    {
+        if (!$jobEntity->getStartedAt()) {
+            $jobEntity->setStartedAtNow();
+        }
+
+        $jobEntity->setStatus(Status::RUNNING);
+        $jobEntity->setPid(System::getPid());
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($jobEntity);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobScheduler.php

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Field\DateTime as DateTimeField;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Data;
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobScheduler\Creator;
+
+use ReflectionClass;
+use DateTimeInterface;
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+use DateInterval;
+use RuntimeException;
+use TypeError;
+
+/**
+ * Creates jobs in a queue.
+ */
+class JobScheduler
+{
+    /** @var ?class-string<Job|JobDataLess> */
+    private ?string $className = null;
+    private ?string $queue = null;
+    private ?string $group = null;
+    private ?Data $data = null;
+    private ?DateTimeImmutable $time = null;
+    private ?DateInterval $delay = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Creator $creator,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * A class name of the job. Should implement the `Job` interface.
+     *
+     * @param class-string<Job|JobDataLess> $className
+     */
+    public function setClassName(string $className): self
+    {
+        if (!class_exists($className)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Class '$className' does not exist.");
+        }
+
+        $class = new ReflectionClass($className);
+
+        if (
+            !$class->implementsInterface(Job::class) &&
+            !$class->implementsInterface(JobDataLess::class)
+        ) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Class '$className' does not implement 'Job' or 'JobDataLess' interface.");
+        }
+
+        $this->className = $className;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In what queue to run the job.
+     *
+     * @param ?string $queue A queue name. Available names are defined in the `QueueName` class.
+     */
+    public function setQueue(?string $queue): self
+    {
+        $this->queue = $queue;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In what group to run the job. Jobs within a group will run one-by-one. Jobs with different group
+     * can run in parallel. The job can't have both queue and group set.
+     *
+     * @param ?string $group A group. Any string ID value can be used as a group name. E.g. a user ID.
+     */
+    public function setGroup(?string $group): self
+    {
+        $this->group = $group;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an execution time. If not set, then the current time will be used.
+     */
+    public function setTime(?DateTimeInterface $time): self
+    {
+        $timeCopy = $time;
+
+        if (!is_null($time) && !$time instanceof DateTimeImmutable) {
+            /** @noinspection PhpParamsInspection */
+            $timeCopy = DateTimeImmutable::createFromMutable($time);
+        }
+
+        /** @var ?DateTimeImmutable $timeCopy */
+
+        $this->time = $timeCopy;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an execution delay.
+     */
+    public function setDelay(?DateInterval $delay): self
+    {
+        $this->delay = $delay;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set data to be passed to the job.
+     *
+     * @param Data|array<string, mixed>|null $data
+     */
+    public function setData($data): self
+    {
+        /** @var mixed $data */
+
+        if (!is_null($data) && !is_array($data) && !$data instanceof Data) {
+            throw new TypeError();
+        }
+
+        if (!$data instanceof Data) {
+            $data = Data::create($data);
+        }
+
+        $this->data = $data;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function schedule(): void
+    {
+        if (!$this->className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Class name is not set.");
+        }
+
+        if ($this->group && $this->queue) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can't have both queue and group.");
+        }
+
+        $time = $this->time;
+
+        if (!$this->time && $this->delay) {
+            $time = new DateTimeImmutable();
+        }
+
+        if ($time && $this->delay) {
+            $time = $time->add($this->delay);
+        }
+
+        $data = $this->data ?? Data::create();
+
+        $creatorData = new Creator\Data(
+            className: $this->className,
+            queue: $this->queue,
+            group: $this->group,
+            data: $data,
+            time: $time ? DateTimeField::fromDateTime($time) : null,
+        );
+
+        $this->creator->create($creatorData);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobScheduler/Creator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\JobScheduler;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobScheduler\Creator\Data;
+
+/**
+ * @since 9.2.0
+ */
+interface Creator
+{
+    public function create(Data $data): void;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobScheduler/Creator/Data.php

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\JobScheduler\Creator;
+
+use Espo\Core\Field\DateTime;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Data as JobData;
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobDataLess;
+
+readonly class Data
+{
+    /**
+     * @param class-string<Job|JobDataLess> $className
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        public string $className,
+        public ?string $queue,
+        public ?string $group,
+        public JobData $data,
+        public ?DateTime $time,
+    ) {}
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobScheduler/Creators/EntityCreator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\JobScheduler\Creators;
+
+use Espo\Core\Field\DateTime;
+use Espo\Core\Job\JobScheduler\Creator;
+use Espo\Entities\Job;
+use Espo\ORM\EntityManager;
+
+class EntityCreator implements Creator
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private EntityManager $entityManager,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(Creator\Data $data): void
+    {
+        $time = $data->time ?? DateTime::createNow();
+
+        $job = $this->entityManager->getRDBRepositoryByClass(Job::class)->getNew();
+
+        $job
+            ->setName($data->className)
+            ->setClassName($data->className)
+            ->setQueue($data->queue)
+            ->setGroup($data->group)
+            ->setData($data->data)
+            ->setTargetId($data->data->getTargetId())
+            ->setTargetType($data->data->getTargetType())
+            ->setExecuteTime($time);
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($job);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobSchedulerFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Creates job scheduler instances.
+ */
+class JobSchedulerFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory)
+    {}
+
+    public function create(): JobScheduler
+    {
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create(JobScheduler::class);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/JobTask.php

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Spatie\Async\Task as AsyncTask;
+
+use Espo\Core\Application;
+use Espo\Core\Application\Runner\Params as RunnerParams;
+use Espo\Core\ApplicationRunners\Job as JobRunner;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+
+use Throwable;
+
+class JobTask extends AsyncTask
+{
+    private string $jobId;
+
+    public function __construct(string $jobId)
+    {
+        $this->jobId = $jobId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function configure()
+    {}
+
+    /**
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function run()
+    {
+        $app = new Application();
+
+        $params = RunnerParams::create()->with(Attribute::ID, $this->jobId);
+
+        try {
+            $app->run(JobRunner::class, $params);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $log = $app->getContainer()->getByClass(Log::class);
+
+            $log->error("JobTask: Failed to run job '$this->jobId'. Error: " . $e->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/MetadataProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Metadata;
+
+class MetadataProvider
+{
+    public function __construct(private Metadata $metadata)
+    {}
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    public function getPreparableJobNameList(): array
+    {
+        $list = [];
+
+        $items = $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs']) ?? [];
+
+        foreach ($items as $name => $item) {
+            $isPreparable = (bool) ($item['preparatorClassName'] ?? null);
+
+            if ($isPreparable) {
+                $list[] = $name;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $list;
+    }
+
+    public function isJobSystem(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return (bool) $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs', $name, 'isSystem']);
+    }
+
+    public function isJobPreparable(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return (bool) $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs', $name, 'preparatorClassName']);
+    }
+
+    public function getPreparatorClassName(string $name): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs', $name, 'preparatorClassName']);
+    }
+
+    public function getJobClassName(string $name): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs', $name, 'jobClassName']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    public function getScheduledJobNameList(): array
+    {
+        /** @var array<string, mixed> $items */
+        $items = $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs']) ?? [];
+
+        return array_keys($items);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    public function getNonSystemScheduledJobNameList(): array
+    {
+        return array_filter(
+            $this->getScheduledJobNameList(),
+            function (string $item) {
+                $isSystem = (bool) $this->metadata->get(['app', 'scheduledJobs', $item, 'isSystem']);
+
+                return !$isSystem;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Preparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\Preparator\Data;
+
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+
+/**
+ * Creates multiple jobs for different targets according scheduling.
+ */
+interface Preparator
+{
+    /**
+     * Create multiple job records for a scheduled job.
+     */
+    public function prepare(Data $data, DateTimeImmutable $executeTime): void;
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Preparator/CollectionHelper.php

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Preparator;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Status;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\DateTime;
+use Espo\Entities\Job;
+use Espo\ORM\Collection;
+use Espo\ORM\Entity;
+use Espo\ORM\EntityManager;
+
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+
+/**
+ * Creates jobs for each entity of a collection.
+ * To be used by Preparator implementations.
+ *
+ * @template TEntity of Entity
+ */
+class CollectionHelper
+{
+    public function __construct(private EntityManager $entityManager)
+    {}
+
+    /**
+     * @param Collection<TEntity> $collection
+     */
+    public function prepare(Collection $collection, Data $data, DateTimeImmutable $executeTime): void
+    {
+        foreach ($collection as $entity) {
+            $this->prepareItem($entity, $data, $executeTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param TEntity $entity
+     */
+    private function prepareItem(Entity $entity, Data $data, DateTimeImmutable $executeTime): void
+    {
+        $running = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepository(Job::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->select(Attribute::ID)
+            ->where([
+                'scheduledJobId' => $data->getId(),
+                'status' => [
+                    Status::RUNNING,
+                    Status::READY,
+                ],
+                'targetType' => $entity->getEntityType(),
+                'targetId' => $entity->getId(),
+            ])
+            ->findOne();
+
+        if ($running) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $countPending = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepository(Job::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->where([
+                'scheduledJobId' => $data->getId(),
+                'status' => Status::PENDING,
+                'targetType' => $entity->getEntityType(),
+                'targetId' => $entity->getId(),
+            ])
+            ->count();
+
+        if ($countPending > 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $job = $this->entityManager->getNewEntity(Job::ENTITY_TYPE);
+
+        $job->set([
+            'name' => $data->getName(),
+            'scheduledJobId' => $data->getId(),
+            'executeTime' => $executeTime->format(DateTime::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT),
+            'targetType' => $entity->getEntityType(),
+            'targetId' => $entity->getId(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($job);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Preparator/Data.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Preparator;
+
+class Data
+{
+    public function __construct(private string $id, private string $name)
+    {}
+
+    /**
+     * A scheduled job ID.
+     */
+    public function getId(): string
+    {
+        return $this->id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A scheduled job name.
+     */
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/Preparator/Preparators/ProcessJobGroupPreparator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\Preparator\Preparators;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\DateTime;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Status;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Preparator;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Preparator\Data;
+
+use Espo\ORM\EntityManager;
+
+use Espo\Entities\Job as JobEntity;
+
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+
+class ProcessJobGroupPreparator implements Preparator
+{
+    public function __construct(private EntityManager $entityManager)
+    {}
+
+    public function prepare(Data $data, DateTimeImmutable $executeTime): void
+    {
+        $groupList = [];
+
+        $query = $this->entityManager
+            ->getQueryBuilder()
+            ->select('group')
+            ->from(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->where([
+                'status' => Status::PENDING,
+                'queue' => null,
+                'group!=' => null,
+                'executeTime<=' => $executeTime->format(DateTime::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT),
+            ])
+            ->group('group')
+            ->build();
+
+        $sth = $this->entityManager->getQueryExecutor()->execute($query);
+
+        while ($row = $sth->fetch()) {
+            $group = $row['group'];
+
+            if ($group === null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $groupList[] = $group;
+        }
+
+        if (!count($groupList)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($groupList as $group) {
+            $existingJob = $this->entityManager
+                ->getRDBRepository(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE)
+                ->select(Attribute::ID)
+                ->where([
+                    'scheduledJobId' => $data->getId(),
+                    'targetGroup' => $group,
+                    'status' => [
+                        Status::RUNNING,
+                        Status::READY,
+                        Status::PENDING,
+                    ],
+                ])
+                ->findOne();
+
+            if ($existingJob) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $name = $data->getName() . ' :: ' . $group;
+
+            $this->entityManager->createEntity(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE, [
+                'scheduledJobId' => $data->getId(),
+                'executeTime' => $executeTime->format(DateTime::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT),
+                'name' => $name,
+                'data' => [
+                    'group' => $group,
+                ],
+                'targetGroup' => $group,
+            ]);
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/PreparatorFactory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\InjectableFactory;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class PreparatorFactory
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private MetadataProvider $metadataProvider,
+        private InjectableFactory $injectableFactory
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Create a preparator.
+     */
+    public function create(string $name): Preparator
+    {
+        /** @var ?class-string<Preparator> $className */
+        $className = $this->metadataProvider->getPreparatorClassName($name);
+
+        if (!$className) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Preparator for job '$name' not found.");
+        }
+
+        return $this->injectableFactory->create($className);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/QueueName.php

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+class QueueName
+{
+    /**
+     * Executes as soon as possible. Non-parallel.
+     */
+    public const Q0 = 'q0';
+
+    /**
+     * Executes every minute. Non-parallel.
+     */
+    public const Q1 = 'q1';
+
+    /**
+     * Executes as soon as possible. For email processing. Non-parallel.
+     */
+    public const E0 = 'e0';
+
+    /**
+     * Executes in the main queue pool in parallel. Along with jobs without specified queue.
+     * A portion is always picked for a queue iteration, even if there are no-queue
+     * jobs ordered before. E.g. if the portion size is 100, and there are 200 empty-queue
+     * jobs and 5 m0 jobs, 95 and 5 will be picked respectfully.
+     *
+     * @since 9.2.0
+     */
+    const M0 = 'm0';
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/QueuePortionNumberProvider.php

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+
+class QueuePortionNumberProvider
+{
+    /** @var array<string, int> */
+    private $queueNumberMap = [
+        QueueName::Q0 => self::Q0_PORTION_NUMBER,
+        QueueName::Q1 => self::Q1_PORTION_NUMBER,
+        QueueName::E0 => self::E0_PORTION_NUMBER,
+    ];
+
+    /** @var array<string, string> */
+    private $queueParamNameMap = [
+        QueueName::Q0 => 'jobQ0MaxPortion',
+        QueueName::Q1 => 'jobQ1MaxPortion',
+        QueueName::E0 => 'jobE0MaxPortion',
+    ];
+
+    private const Q0_PORTION_NUMBER = 200;
+    private const Q1_PORTION_NUMBER = 500;
+    private const E0_PORTION_NUMBER = 100;
+    private const DEFAULT_PORTION_NUMBER = 200;
+
+    public function __construct(private Config $config)
+    {}
+
+    public function get(string $queue): int
+    {
+        $paramName = $this->queueParamNameMap[$queue] ?? 'job' . ucfirst($queue) . 'MaxPortion';
+
+        return
+            $this->config->get($paramName) ??
+            $this->queueNumberMap[$queue] ??
+            self::DEFAULT_PORTION_NUMBER;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/QueueProcessor.php

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueProcessor\Picker;
+use Espo\Entities\Job as JobEntity;
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueProcessor\Params;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\EntityManager;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\System;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Status;
+
+use Spatie\Async\Pool as AsyncPool;
+
+class QueueProcessor
+{
+    private bool $noTableLocking;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private QueueUtil $queueUtil,
+        private JobRunner $jobRunner,
+        private AsyncPoolFactory $asyncPoolFactory,
+        private EntityManager $entityManager,
+        private Picker $picker,
+        ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider
+    ) {
+        $this->noTableLocking = $configDataProvider->noTableLocking();
+    }
+
+    public function process(Params $params): void
+    {
+        $pool = $params->useProcessPool() ?
+            $this->asyncPoolFactory->create() : null;
+
+        foreach ($this->picker->pick($params) as $job) {
+            $this->processJob($params, $job, $pool);
+        }
+
+        $pool?->wait();
+    }
+
+    private function processJob(Params $params, JobEntity $job, ?AsyncPool $pool = null): void
+    {
+        $noLock = $params->noLock();
+        $lockTable = $job->getScheduledJobId() && !$noLock && !$this->noTableLocking;
+
+        if ($lockTable) {
+            // MySQL doesn't allow to lock non-existent rows. We resort to locking an entire table.
+            $this->entityManager->getLocker()->lockExclusive(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE);
+        }
+
+        $skip = $this->toSkip($noLock, $job);
+
+        if ($skip) {
+            if ($lockTable) {
+                $this->entityManager->getLocker()->rollback();
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->prepareJob($job, $pool);
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($job);
+
+        if ($lockTable) {
+            $this->entityManager->getLocker()->commit();
+        }
+
+        $this->runJob($job, $pool);
+    }
+
+    private function toSkip(bool $noLock, JobEntity $job): bool
+    {
+        $skip = !$noLock && !$this->queueUtil->isJobPending($job->getId());
+
+        if (
+            !$skip &&
+            $job->getScheduledJobId() &&
+            $this->queueUtil->isScheduledJobRunning(
+                $job->getScheduledJobId(),
+                $job->getTargetId(),
+                $job->getTargetType(),
+                $job->getTargetGroup()
+            )
+        ) {
+            $skip = true;
+        }
+
+        return $skip;
+    }
+
+    private function prepareJob(JobEntity $job, ?AsyncPool $pool): void
+    {
+        $job->setStartedAtNow();
+
+        if ($pool) {
+            $job->setStatus(Status::READY);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $job->setStatus(Status::RUNNING);
+        $job->setPid(System::getPid());
+    }
+
+    private function runJob(JobEntity $job, ?AsyncPool $pool): void
+    {
+        if (!$pool) {
+            $this->jobRunner->run($job);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $task = new JobTask($job->getId());
+
+        $pool->add($task);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/QueueProcessor/Params.php

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\QueueProcessor;
+
+class Params
+{
+    private bool $useProcessPool = false;
+    private bool $noLock = false;
+    private ?string $queue = null;
+    private ?string $group = null;
+    private int $limit = 0;
+    /** @var ?Params[] */
+    private ?array $subQueueParamsList = null;
+    private float $weight = 1.0;
+
+    public function withUseProcessPool(bool $useProcessPool): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->useProcessPool = $useProcessPool;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withNoLock(bool $noLock): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->noLock = $noLock;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withQueue(?string $queue): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->queue = $queue;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withGroup(?string $group): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->group = $group;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withLimit(int $limit): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->limit = $limit;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function withWeight(float $weight): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->weight = $weight;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ?Params[] $subQueueParamsList
+     */
+    public function withSubQueueParamsList(?array $subQueueParamsList): self
+    {
+        $obj = clone $this;
+        $obj->subQueueParamsList = $subQueueParamsList;
+
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    public function useProcessPool(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->useProcessPool;
+    }
+
+    public function noLock(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->noLock;
+    }
+
+    public function getQueue(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->queue;
+    }
+
+    public function getGroup(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->group;
+    }
+
+    public function getLimit(): int
+    {
+        return $this->limit;
+    }
+
+    public function getWeight(): float
+    {
+        return $this->weight;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return ?Params[]
+     */
+    public function getSubQueueParamsList(): ?array
+    {
+        return $this->subQueueParamsList;
+    }
+
+    public static function create(): self
+    {
+        return new self();
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/QueueProcessor/Picker.php

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job\QueueProcessor;
+
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueUtil;
+use Espo\Entities\Job;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Picks jobs for a portion distributing by weights if needed.
+ */
+class Picker
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private QueueUtil $queueUtil,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @param Params $params
+     * @return iterable<Job>
+     */
+    public function pick(Params $params): iterable
+    {
+        $paramsList = $params->getSubQueueParamsList();
+
+        if (!$paramsList) {
+            return $this->queueUtil->getPendingJobs($params);
+        }
+
+        $groups = [];
+
+        foreach ($paramsList as $itemParams) {
+            $groups[] = iterator_to_array($this->queueUtil->getPendingJobs($itemParams));
+        }
+
+        return $this->pickJobsRecursively($paramsList, $groups, $params->getLimit());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Params[] $paramsList,
+     * @param Job[][] $groups
+     * @return Job[]
+     */
+    private function pickJobsRecursively(
+        array $paramsList,
+        array $groups,
+        int $limit,
+    ): array {
+
+        $totalWeight = array_reduce($paramsList, fn ($c, $it) => $c + $it->getWeight(), 0.0);
+
+        /** @var Job[][] $leftovers */
+        $leftovers = [];
+        $output = [];
+
+        foreach ($paramsList as $i => $itemParams) {
+            if (!array_key_exists($i, $groups)) {
+                throw new RuntimeException();
+            }
+
+            $jobs = $groups[$i];
+            $weight = $itemParams->getWeight();
+
+            $portion = (int) round($weight / $totalWeight * $limit);
+
+            $pickedJobs = [];
+
+            while (count($pickedJobs) < $portion) {
+                if (count($jobs) === 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                $pickedJobs[] = array_shift($jobs);
+            }
+
+            $output = array_merge($output, $pickedJobs);
+
+            $leftovers[] = $jobs;
+        }
+
+        $left = $limit - count($output);
+        $leftoverCount = array_reduce($leftovers, fn ($c, $it) => $c + count($it), 0);
+
+        if ($left && $leftoverCount) {
+            foreach ($leftovers as $i => $jobs) {
+                if (count($jobs) === 0) {
+                    unset($leftovers[$i]);
+                    unset($paramsList[$i]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            $leftovers = array_values($leftovers);
+            $paramsList = array_values($paramsList);
+
+            $rest = $this->pickJobsRecursively(
+                paramsList: $paramsList,
+                groups: $leftovers,
+                limit: $leftoverCount,
+            );
+
+            $output = array_merge($output, $rest);
+            $output = array_slice($output, 0, $limit);
+        }
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/QueueUtil.php

@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Countable;
+use Espo\Core\Job\QueueProcessor\Params;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\EntityManager;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Config;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\DateTime as DateTimeUtil;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\System;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Status;
+use Espo\Entities\Job as JobEntity;
+
+use DateTime;
+use Espo\ORM\Collection;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+use Exception;
+use LogicException;
+
+class QueueUtil
+{
+    private const NOT_EXISTING_PROCESS_PERIOD = 300;
+    private const READY_NOT_STARTED_PERIOD = 60;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Config $config,
+        private EntityManager $entityManager,
+        private ScheduleUtil $scheduleUtil,
+        private MetadataProvider $metadataProvider
+    ) {}
+
+    public function isJobPending(string $id): bool
+    {
+        /** @var ?JobEntity $job */
+        $job = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([Attribute::ID, 'status'])
+            ->where([Attribute::ID => $id])
+            ->forUpdate()
+            ->findOne();
+
+        if (!$job) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $job->getStatus() === Status::PENDING;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Collection<JobEntity>&Countable
+     */
+    public function getPendingJobs(Params $params): Collection
+    {
+        $queue = $params->getQueue();
+        $group = $params->getGroup();
+        $limit = $params->getLimit();
+
+        $builder = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([
+                Attribute::ID,
+                'scheduledJobId',
+                'scheduledJobJob',
+                'executeTime',
+                'targetId',
+                'targetType',
+                'targetGroup',
+                'methodName',
+                'serviceName',
+                'className',
+                'job',
+                'data',
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                'status' => Status::PENDING,
+                'executeTime<=' => DateTimeUtil::getSystemNowString(),
+                'queue' => $queue,
+                'group' => $group,
+            ])
+            ->order('number');
+
+        if ($limit) {
+            $builder->limit(0, $limit);
+        }
+
+        return $builder->sth()->find();
+    }
+
+    public function isScheduledJobRunning(
+        string $scheduledJobId,
+        ?string $targetId = null,
+        ?string $targetType = null,
+        ?string $targetGroup = null
+    ): bool {
+
+        $where = [
+            'scheduledJobId' => $scheduledJobId,
+            'status' => [
+                Status::RUNNING,
+                Status::READY,
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        if ($targetId && $targetType) {
+            $where['targetId'] = $targetId;
+            $where['targetType'] = $targetType;
+        }
+
+        if ($targetGroup) {
+            $where['targetGroup'] = $targetGroup;
+        }
+
+        return (bool) $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([Attribute::ID])
+            ->where($where)
+            ->findOne();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    public function getRunningScheduledJobIdList(): array
+    {
+        $list = [];
+
+        $jobList = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select(['scheduledJobId'])
+            ->leftJoin('scheduledJob')
+            ->where([
+                'status' => [
+                    Status::RUNNING,
+                    Status::READY,
+                ],
+                'scheduledJobId!=' => null,
+                'scheduledJob.job!=' => $this->metadataProvider->getPreparableJobNameList(),
+            ])
+            ->order('executeTime')
+            ->find();
+
+        foreach ($jobList as $job) {
+            $scheduledJobId = $job->getScheduledJobId();
+
+            if (!$scheduledJobId) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $list[] = $scheduledJobId;
+        }
+
+        return $list;
+    }
+
+    public function hasScheduledJobOnMinute(string $scheduledJobId, string $time): bool
+    {
+        try {
+            $dateObj = new DateTime($time);
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+            throw new LogicException($e->getMessage());
+        }
+
+        $fromString = $dateObj->format('Y-m-d H:i:00');
+        $toString = $dateObj->format('Y-m-d H:i:59');
+
+        $job = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([Attribute::ID])
+            ->where([
+                'scheduledJobId' => $scheduledJobId,
+                'status' => [ // This forces usage of an appropriate index.
+                    Status::PENDING,
+                    Status::READY,
+                    Status::RUNNING,
+                    Status::SUCCESS,
+                ],
+                'executeTime>=' => $fromString,
+                'executeTime<=' => $toString,
+            ])
+            ->findOne();
+
+        return (bool) $job;
+    }
+
+    public function getPendingCountByScheduledJobId(string $scheduledJobId): int
+    {
+        return $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->where([
+                'scheduledJobId' => $scheduledJobId,
+                'status' => Status::PENDING,
+            ])
+            ->count();
+    }
+
+    public function markJobsFailed(): void
+    {
+        $this->markJobsFailedByNotExistingProcesses();
+        $this->markJobsFailedReadyNotStarted();
+        $this->markJobsFailedByPeriod(true);
+        $this->markJobsFailedByPeriod();
+    }
+
+    private function markJobsFailedByNotExistingProcesses(): void
+    {
+        $timeThreshold = time() - $this->config->get(
+            'jobPeriodForNotExistingProcess',
+            self::NOT_EXISTING_PROCESS_PERIOD
+        );
+
+        $dateTimeThreshold = date(DateTimeUtil::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT, $timeThreshold);
+
+        $runningJobList = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([
+                Attribute::ID,
+                'scheduledJobId',
+                'executeTime',
+                'targetId',
+                'targetType',
+                'pid',
+                'startedAt',
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                'status' => Status::RUNNING,
+                'startedAt<' => $dateTimeThreshold,
+            ])
+            ->find();
+
+        $failedJobList = [];
+
+        foreach ($runningJobList as $job) {
+            $pid = $job->getPid();
+
+            if ($pid && !System::isProcessActive($pid)) {
+                $failedJobList[] = $job;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->markJobListFailed($failedJobList);
+    }
+
+    private function markJobsFailedReadyNotStarted(): void
+    {
+        $timeThreshold = time() -
+            $this->config->get('jobPeriodForReadyNotStarted', self::READY_NOT_STARTED_PERIOD);
+
+        $dateTimeThreshold = date(DateTimeUtil::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT, $timeThreshold);
+
+        $failedJobList = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([
+                Attribute::ID,
+                'scheduledJobId',
+                'executeTime',
+                'targetId',
+                'targetType',
+                'pid',
+                'startedAt',
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                'status' => Status::READY,
+                'startedAt<' => $dateTimeThreshold,
+            ])
+            ->find();
+
+        $this->markJobListFailed($failedJobList);
+    }
+
+    protected function markJobsFailedByPeriod(bool $isForActiveProcesses = false): void
+    {
+        $period = 'jobPeriod';
+
+        if ($isForActiveProcesses) {
+            $period = 'jobPeriodForActiveProcess';
+        }
+
+        $timeThreshold = time() - $this->config->get($period, 7800);
+
+        $dateTimeThreshold = date(DateTimeUtil::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT, $timeThreshold);
+
+        $runningJobList = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([
+                Attribute::ID,
+                'scheduledJobId',
+                'executeTime',
+                'targetId',
+                'targetType',
+                'pid',
+                'startedAt'
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                'status' => Status::RUNNING,
+                'executeTime<' => $dateTimeThreshold,
+            ])
+            ->find();
+
+        $failedJobList = [];
+
+        foreach ($runningJobList as $job) {
+            if ($isForActiveProcesses) {
+                $failedJobList[] = $job;
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $pid = $job->getPid();
+
+            if (!$pid || !System::isProcessActive($pid)) {
+                $failedJobList[] = $job;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->markJobListFailed($failedJobList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param iterable<JobEntity> $jobList
+     */
+    protected function markJobListFailed(iterable $jobList): void
+    {
+        if (is_countable($jobList) && !count($jobList)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $jobIdList = [];
+
+        foreach ($jobList as $job) {
+            $jobIdList[] = $job->getId();
+        }
+
+        $updateQuery = $this->entityManager
+            ->getQueryBuilder()
+            ->update()
+            ->in(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->set([
+                'status' => Status::FAILED,
+                'attempts' => 0,
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                Attribute::ID => $jobIdList,
+            ])
+            ->build();
+
+        $this->entityManager->getQueryExecutor()->execute($updateQuery);
+
+        foreach ($jobList as $job) {
+            $scheduledJobId = $job->getScheduledJobId();
+
+            if (!$scheduledJobId) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $this->scheduleUtil->addLogRecord(
+                $scheduledJobId,
+                Status::FAILED,
+                $job->getStartedAt(),
+                $job->getTargetId(),
+                $job->getTargetType()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove pending duplicate jobs, no need to run twice the same job.
+     */
+    public function removePendingJobDuplicates(): void
+    {
+        $duplicateJobList = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select(['scheduledJobId'])
+            ->leftJoin('scheduledJob')
+            ->where([
+                'scheduledJobId!=' => null,
+                'status' => Status::PENDING,
+                'executeTime<=' => DateTimeUtil::getSystemNowString(),
+                'scheduledJob.job!=' => $this->metadataProvider->getPreparableJobNameList(),
+                'targetId' => null,
+            ])
+            ->group(['scheduledJobId'])
+            ->having([
+                'COUNT:id>' => 1,
+            ])
+            ->order('MAX:executeTime')
+            ->find();
+
+        $scheduledJobIdList = [];
+
+        foreach ($duplicateJobList as $duplicateJob) {
+            $scheduledJobId = $duplicateJob->getScheduledJobId();
+
+            if (!$scheduledJobId) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $scheduledJobIdList[] = $scheduledJobId;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($scheduledJobIdList as $scheduledJobId) {
+            $toRemoveJobList = $this->entityManager
+                ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+                ->select([Attribute::ID])
+                ->where([
+                    'scheduledJobId' => $scheduledJobId,
+                    'status' => Status::PENDING,
+                ])
+                ->order('executeTime')
+                ->limit(0, 1000)
+                ->find();
+
+            $jobIdList = [];
+
+            foreach ($toRemoveJobList as $job) {
+                $jobIdList[] = $job->getId();
+            }
+
+            if (!count($jobIdList)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $delete = $this->entityManager
+                ->getQueryBuilder()
+                ->delete()
+                ->from(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE)
+                ->where([Attribute::ID => $jobIdList])
+                ->build();
+
+            $this->entityManager->getQueryExecutor()->execute($delete);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle job attempts. Change failed to pending if attempts left.
+     */
+    public function updateFailedJobAttempts(): void
+    {
+        $jobCollection = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepositoryByClass(JobEntity::class)
+            ->select([
+                Attribute::ID,
+                'attempts',
+                'failedAttempts',
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                'status' => Status::FAILED,
+                'executeTime<=' => DateTimeUtil::getSystemNowString(),
+                'attempts>' => 0,
+            ])
+            ->find();
+
+         foreach ($jobCollection as $job) {
+            $failedAttempts = $job->getFailedAttempts();
+            $attempts = $job->getAttempts();
+
+            $job->set([
+                'status' => Status::PENDING,
+                'attempts' => $attempts - 1,
+                'failedAttempts' => $failedAttempts + 1,
+            ]);
+
+            $this->entityManager->saveEntity($job);
+        }
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/ScheduleProcessor.php

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use DateTimeZone;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Preparator\Data as PreparatorData;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\EntityManager;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\DateTime as DateTimeUtil;
+use Espo\Core\Utils\Log;
+use Espo\Core\Job\Job\Status;
+use Espo\Entities\Job as JobEntity;
+use Espo\Entities\ScheduledJob as ScheduledJobEntity;
+
+use Cron\CronExpression;
+
+use Throwable;
+use Exception;
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+
+/**
+ * Creates jobs from scheduled jobs according scheduling.
+ */
+class ScheduleProcessor
+{
+    /** @var string[] */
+    private $asSoonAsPossibleSchedulingList = [
+        '*',
+        '* *',
+        '* * *',
+        '* * * *',
+        '* * * * *',
+        '* * * * * *',
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private Log $log,
+        private EntityManager $entityManager,
+        private QueueUtil $queueUtil,
+        private ScheduleUtil $scheduleUtil,
+        private PreparatorFactory $preparatorFactory,
+        private MetadataProvider $metadataProvider,
+        private ConfigDataProvider $configDataProvider
+    ) {}
+
+    public function process(): void
+    {
+        $activeScheduledJobList = $this->scheduleUtil->getActiveScheduledJobList();
+        $runningScheduledJobIdList = $this->queueUtil->getRunningScheduledJobIdList();
+
+        foreach ($activeScheduledJobList as $scheduledJob) {
+            try {
+                $isRunning = in_array($scheduledJob->getId(), $runningScheduledJobIdList);
+
+                $this->createJobsFromScheduledJob($scheduledJob, $isRunning);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $id = $scheduledJob->getId();
+
+                $this->log->error("Scheduled Job '$id': " . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function createJobsFromScheduledJob(ScheduledJobEntity $scheduledJob, bool $isRunning): void
+    {
+        $id = $scheduledJob->getId();
+
+        $executeTime = $this->findExecuteTime($scheduledJob);
+
+        if ($executeTime === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $asSoonAsPossible = $this->checkAsSoonAsPossible($scheduledJob);
+
+        if (!$asSoonAsPossible) {
+            if ($this->queueUtil->hasScheduledJobOnMinute($id, $executeTime)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $jobName = $scheduledJob->getJob();
+
+        if ($jobName && $this->metadataProvider->isJobPreparable($jobName)) {
+            $preparator = $this->preparatorFactory->create($jobName);
+
+            $data = new PreparatorData($scheduledJob->getId(), $scheduledJob->getName() ?? $jobName);
+
+            /** @var DateTimeImmutable $executeTimeObj */
+            $executeTimeObj = DateTimeImmutable
+                ::createFromFormat(DateTimeUtil::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT, $executeTime);
+
+            $preparator->prepare($data, $executeTimeObj);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($isRunning) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $pendingCount = $this->queueUtil->getPendingCountByScheduledJobId($id);
+
+        $pendingLimit = $asSoonAsPossible ? 0 : 1;
+
+        if ($pendingCount > $pendingLimit) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->entityManager->createEntity(JobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE, [
+            'name' => $scheduledJob->getName(),
+            'status' => Status::PENDING,
+            'scheduledJobId' => $id,
+            'executeTime' => $executeTime,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function checkAsSoonAsPossible(ScheduledJobEntity $scheduledJob): bool
+    {
+        return in_array($scheduledJob->getScheduling(), $this->asSoonAsPossibleSchedulingList);
+    }
+
+    private function findExecuteTime(ScheduledJobEntity $scheduledJob): ?string
+    {
+        $scheduling = $scheduledJob->getScheduling();
+
+        if ($scheduling === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $id = $scheduledJob->getId();
+
+        $asSoonAsPossible = in_array($scheduling, $this->asSoonAsPossibleSchedulingList);
+
+        if ($asSoonAsPossible) {
+            return DateTimeUtil::getSystemNowString();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $cronExpression = CronExpression::factory($scheduling);
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+            $this->log->error(
+                "Scheduled Job '$id': Scheduling expression error: " .
+                $e->getMessage() . '.');
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $timeZone = $this->configDataProvider->getTimeZone();
+
+        try {
+            $next = $cronExpression->getNextRunDate(timeZone: $timeZone)
+                ->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+        } catch (Exception) {
+            $this->log->error("Scheduled Job '$id': Unsupported scheduling expression '$scheduling'.");
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $next->format(DateTimeUtil::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
+    }
+}

application/Espo/Core/Job/ScheduleUtil.php

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?php
+/************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of EspoCRM.
+ *
+ * EspoCRM – Open Source CRM application.
+ * Copyright (C) 2014-2025 EspoCRM, Inc.
+ * Website: https://www.espocrm.com
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
+ * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
+ * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.
+ *
+ * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3,
+ * these Appropriate Legal Notices must retain the display of the "EspoCRM" word.
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Espo\Core\Job;
+
+use Espo\Core\Utils\DateTime as DateTimeUtil;
+use Espo\Core\ORM\Repository\Option\SaveOption;
+use Espo\ORM\Collection;
+use Espo\ORM\EntityManager;
+use Espo\Entities\ScheduledJob as ScheduledJobEntity;
+use Espo\Entities\ScheduledJobLogRecord as ScheduledJobLogRecordEntity;
+use Espo\ORM\Name\Attribute;
+
+class ScheduleUtil
+{
+    public function __construct(private EntityManager $entityManager)
+    {}
+
+    /**
+     * Get active scheduled job list.
+     *
+     * @return Collection<ScheduledJobEntity>
+     */
+    public function getActiveScheduledJobList(): Collection
+    {
+        /** @var Collection<ScheduledJobEntity> $collection */
+        $collection = $this->entityManager
+            ->getRDBRepository(ScheduledJobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE)
+            ->select([
+                Attribute::ID,
+                'scheduling',
+                'job',
+                'name',
+            ])
+            ->where([
+                'status' => ScheduledJobEntity::STATUS_ACTIVE,
+            ])
+            ->find();
+
+        return $collection;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add record to ScheduledJobLogRecord about executed job.
+     */
+    public function addLogRecord(
+        string $scheduledJobId,
+        string $status,
+        ?string $runTime = null,
+        ?string $targetId = null,
+        ?string $targetType = null
+    ): void {
+
+        if (!isset($runTime)) {
+            $runTime = date(DateTimeUtil::SYSTEM_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
+        }
+
+        /** @var ScheduledJobEntity|null $scheduledJob */
+        $scheduledJob = $this->entityManager->getEntityById(ScheduledJobEntity::ENTITY_TYPE, $scheduledJobId);
+
+        if (!$scheduledJob) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $scheduledJob->set('lastRun', $runTime);
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($scheduledJob, [SaveOption::SILENT => true]);
+
+        $scheduledJobLog = $this->entityManager->getNewEntity(ScheduledJobLogRecordEntity::ENTITY_TYPE);
+
+        $scheduledJobLog->set([
+            'scheduledJobId' => $scheduledJobId,
+            'name' => $scheduledJob->getName(),
+            'status' => $status,
+            'executionTime' => $runTime,
+            'targetId' => $targetId,
+            'targetType' => $targetType,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->entityManager->saveEntity($scheduledJobLog);
+    }
+}